Exemplification and Classification Techniques
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Christian BehilExemplification and Classification Techniques
Uploaded by
Christian BehilExemplification and
Classification
Part 4:
• Humans are often harmed by pollution. The presence of the hazardous
substances brought about by these three major types of pollution:
land, air and water gravely affect our health. For instance, a person
may acquire skin problems and other deformities from the toxic
wastes present in the land that we live in such as garbage, pesticides,
heavy metals and other chemicals. Air pollution caused by toxic gases,
solid and liquid particles or aerosols, and other hazardous air
pollutants adversely contaminate the air that we breathe. Long-term
exposure to air pollutants has been linked with diseases of the heart
and lungs, cancers and other health problems. Lastly, water pollution
observed in our primary water sources like oceans, rivers, and lakes is
caused by the presence of industrial wastes, sewage and waste waters,
chemical fertilizers and pesticides to be specific. Infectious diseases
can be acquired through contaminated water and can cause cholera,
jaundice, liver damage and stomach illness in people.
Study the accomplished table. How can you say that the words and phrases that you have just
written all exemplify that of the (a) topic sentence, (b) classification, (c) examples and d)
transition words?
EXEMPLIFICATION
(or illustration) is the most common
and effective pattern to explain an
idea or point. In developing this kind
of paragraph, the writer develops a
general statement –the topic
sentence, with one or more examples
to support it.
Here are some transitional expressions in writing
effective exemplification paragraphs:
for instance, to illustrate,
namely, for example,
to be specify, in short,
to clarify, as an example.
• Exemplification is one of the most common and
effective ways to show or explain an idea or
point.
In this pattern of development, the main idea i
s explained by giving an extended example or a
series of detailed example.
• Many writing assignments in various disciplines
require the use of exemplification. Argumenta
tive and exemplification essays, feature
articles, reviews, reports, and case studies
often use examples to prove a point.
• The action of giving examples
• Commonly used in academic writing
• There are several ways of referring to
examples, not just the expression for
example or e.g. (although these are the most
common)
COMMONLY USED ABBREVIATIONS
f.e. / e.g. (exempli gratia) – for example
i.e. (id est) – that is (to say); in other words
viz.(videlicet) – namely; it is/they are
e.g. There are four language skills, viz.
listening, speaking, reading and writing.
Types of Exemplification
EXAMPLES THAT ILLUSTRATE
- use concrete examples to illustrate an idea.
EXAMPLES THAT EXPLAIN
- give an explanation to illustrate a concept.
EXAMPLES THAT TELL A STORY
- use a short story to illustrate a point.
EXAMPLES THAT DESCRIBE
- use examples to help the reader visualize a scene or a
thing.
CRITIQUE
of losing their hair byund
• Today, men and women of all ages undergo surgery to
feel good about themselves. Three of the most popular surgical
procedures are liposuction, facelifts, and hair transplants.
re.
First liposuction is a quick fix for those who find good diet and
exercise ineffective and time consuming. Next,
surgical facelifts promise men and women a younger and
fresher look. Lastly, hair transplants are now possible,
especially for balding men. Thanks to medical advances, men
can now avoid the harsh reality of losing their hair by
undergoing a long-lasting hair transplant procedure
CLASSIFICATION
is used when a writer needs to sort out or arrange
subjects to groups or categories based on their
common and shared characteristics.
Remember that you can use both exemplification
and classification in developing a paragraph by
simply identifying categories on a particular
subject and providing examples or illustration to
explain and clarify meaning.
Here are some transitional expressions in
writing effective classification paragraphs:
•classified as, •final type,
•one kind, •the first category,
•the last group, •are categorized as,
•another kind, •the next part.
•another,
classification
• refers to sorting or
arranging subjects into
groups or categories
according to their common
or shared characteristic.
• The subjects can be
grouped in many different
ways depending on your
purpose.
Classification is commonly d
one in various disciplines.
• Classifying historical events by
year,
popular TV shows by genre, diseas
es based on mode of transmissio
n, cleaning products based on
manufacturer, and animals based
on habitat are some examples
of topics in different disciplines.
• Dividing
something into groups,
classes or categories
• Classification
is normally
made according
to a criterion or
several criteria (e.g.
age, size, number… .)
CRITIQUE
• The Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) are composed of the Philippine
Army, the Philippine Air Force, the Philippine Navy, and the Philippine
Marine Corps. The Philippine Army, the main and largest branch, is
responsible for ground warfare. It was established on December 21, 1935,
and it has 86,000 active personnel. The
Philippine Air Force is the aerial warfare service branch. It has15,000 active
personnel and a total of 126 aircraft. It has been active since July 1, 1947.
The Philippine Navy is the naval service branch. It was founded on May 20,
1898 and has a total of 101 ships and
24,000 active personnel. The Philippine Marine Corps conducts amphibious
and expeditionary warfare as well as special operation missions. It was
established on November 2, 1950, and it has 8,300active personnel.
USING
EXEMPLIFICATION AND
CLASSIFICATION
• You can use both exemplification
and classification in developing a
paragraph. You can begin by
classifying
some ideas and then explain each
idea by givingexamples.
CRITIQUE
• Pollution of air, land, and water affects people’s health. Toxic
gases, particulate matter (e.g. smoke, soot, dust), and other hazardous air
pollutants can contaminate the air. If breathed, the
air causes or exacerbates serious respiratory problems, such as asthma,
bronchitis, emphysema, and lung disease. Toxic wastes like chemicals,
garbage, pesticides, and heavy metals make the land toxic. If people are
exposed to such land, they can develop skin
problems, deformities, and certain types of cancer. Chemicals, sewage,
fertilizers, and other harmful substances can contaminate
primary water sources like the oceans, seas, rivers, lakes, and streams.
Water from affected sources can cause stomach illness, liver damage,
certain types of cancer, and neurological problems in people.
Part 5:
Comparison and
Contrast
Try this! Choose the word/s that
do/does not belong on each line then
write a category name for each group
(i.e. rose, banana, sun flower, daisy =
banana/flowers).
1. German Shepherd, Golden
Retriever, Persian Siamese, Siberian
Husky
2. On Land, By Water, By Air, By Bus
3. Carrot, Cabbage, Radish, Onion
4. Jazz, Rock, Pop, Ballet
5. Coins, Dollar, Yen, Franc
COMPARISON
•in writing discusses elements that
are similar
CONTRAST
• in writing discusses elements or
ideas that are different.
• analyzes two subjects comparing
them, contrasting them, or both.
However, its purpose is not to
simply state the obvious but
rather to illustrate subtle
differences or unexpected
similarities between two
subjects.
As a writer,
•you should help the readers see
how these two ideas are similar or
different by showing them its
advantages and disadvantages so
they are able to weigh the pros
and cons before they make
judgment or decision.
My sisters are as different as yin and yang in terms of personality,
appearance and intelligence. Tina, the middle child in the family, prefers
staying at home than going out with her friends. She is slim, petite and
has dark skin. As she is not sociable, she finds friends with the
characters from the books she reads most of the time. In addition, she
is very clever in subjects like Math and Science which made her graduate
with Highest Honors from Senior High School. In contrast, my youngest
sister, Joni, is the opposite. She has an outgoing and friendly personality.
There is never a dull moment as she is always ready with stories to tell.
She is tall with a round plump face and fair skin. Being the youngest in
the family, she is often asked to perform during family gatherings since
she sings and dances well. My sisters may be different from each other
but they adore one another.
• Source: Jenn, Kepka, Oregon Writes Open Writing Text. 2015, accessed May 21, 2020,
[Link]
Block Method
• is used to compare and contrast two
subjects one at a time.
• You may begin by saying everything
you have to say about the first
subject you are discussing then move
on and write everything about your
second subject.
• If you are writing a short paragraph
or essay, you might be able to fit all
of your points about each item.
Point-by-point
comparison.
• if you would want to
address one subject
at a time,
Some cohesive devices you
can use in showing similarities
are
• likewise, similar to, same
with, like, in the same
manner. To show contrast,
cue words such as: on the
other hand, however, while,
different with, in contrast
and the like.
Create compare-and-contrast paper outline using either Point-by-point or Block Method by comparing or
contrasting Junior High School and Senior High School. Be guided by the rubric below.
classification
• refers to sorting or
arranging subjects into
groups or categories
according to their common
or shared characteristic.
• The subjects can be
grouped in many different
ways depending on your
purpose.
Classification is commonly d
one in various disciplines.
• Classifying historical events by
year,
popular TV shows by genre, diseas
es based on mode of transmissio
n, cleaning products based on
manufacturer, and animals based
on habitat are some examples
of topics in different disciplines.
• Dividing
something into groups,
classes or categories
• Classification
is normally
made according
to a criterionor
several criteria (e.g.
age, size, number… .)
