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Laag Unlimited
Travel Organization

GROUP
03
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CHAPTER 3:

PLANNING
2024
Ms. Zara Althea B. Niere
Chief Executive Officer Laag Unlimited Travels Organization
 Definition of Terms
Goal Setting - the identification of targets or desired ends that
management wants to reach

Vision - a mental image of what the organization will be in the future,

as desired by the management and employees

Mission - basic purpose of an organization and range of their

operations

Objectives - steps needed in order to attain desired ends

Planning provides direction, to both managers and
employees.

It reduces uncertainty.

It minimizes waste. Inefficiencies and

ineffectiveness can easily be corrected.

Establishing goals and standards helps in

controlling.
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“Without planning, goals and standards will
be absent and controlling will not be
possible.”

2024
Laag Unlimited Travels Organization
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Relationship of Planning
to Individual and
Organizational
Performance

2024
Mr. Edmarl John D. Genson Sales
Laag Unlimited Travels Organization
Department Head
The relationship between planning
and performance is symbiotic.
Planning sets the direction and
defines the goals an organization
seeks to achieve. On the other hand,
performance reflects how effectively
those goals are being pursued and
attained.
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Goals vs. Plans

Goals are the desired ends while plans are the

means used to achieve said goals. 2024
Laag Unlimited Travels Organization
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Types of
Plans

Ms. Asia Khen T. Navasca

2024
Chief Financial Officer
Laag Unlimited Travels Organization
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Organizational plans can be generally
described in terms of comprehensiveness,
length of time covered or time frame,
specificity, and frequency of use.

2024
Laag Unlimited Travels Organization
Comprehensiveness
refers to the completeness of planning coverage; for
example: it may start from plans that cover the entire
organization, called strategic plans, up to operational
plans that apply to a particular operational area only.
The more comprehensive the plan is, the better.

Specificity
refers to very detailed, clearly defined plans
wherein objectives are clearly stated and
could easily be understood. Simple
language must be used in order to facilitate
understanding of the plan.
Frequency
of use refers to the number of times or
instances a plan may be used. For example,
strategic plans have single use, while
operational plans are usually standing or
are used frequently or for several times.
Different Types
of Planning
1. Strategic Plans
2. Operational Plans
3. Long-Term Plans
4. Short-Term Plans
5. Directional Plans
6. Specific Plans
7. Single-Use Plans
8. Standing Plans
STRATEGIC PLANS
plans that establish the organization's overall goals and
apply to the entire firm; they are broad in scope and are the
responsibility of the CEO, president, and general manager of
the company.
OPERATIONAL PLANS
plans that apply to a particular unit area only; their scope is
narrow; achievement of company goals may not be achieved
if operational plans are not clear.
LONG-TERM PLANS
plans that go beyond three years; everyone must understand
the organization's long-term plans to avoid confusion that
may divert the organization members' attention.
SHORT-TERM PLANS
plans that cover one year or less; such plans must lead
toward the attainment of long-term goals and are the
responsibility of the unit/department heads.
DIRECTIONAL PLANS
plans that are flexible or give general guidelines only;
although flexible and general, these plans must still be
related to the strategic plans.
SPECIFIC PLANS
plans that are clearly stated and which have no room for
interpretation; language used must be very understandable
SINGLE-USE PLANS
plans used or stated once only as this applies to the entire
organization; refer to the operational plans of the firm.
STANDING PLANS
plans that are ongoing; provide guidance for different
activities done repeatedly; refer to the identified activities of
operational plans.
Steps in

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Planning
Mr. Jhon Marco Devilleres
Marketing Department Head
2024
Laag Unlimited Travels Organization
Planning is a process that involves steps-
from carrying out its purpose, setting
goals/objectives, and determining what
should be done to accomplish them.
Schermerhorn (2008) gave five steps in the
planning process:
1. Define your goals/objectives by identifying desired
outcomes/results in particular ways.
2. Determine where you stand to set goals/objectives;
know your strengths and weaknesses.
3. Develop premises regarding future conditions;
anticipate future events, generate alternative
"scenarios" for what may happen; identify for each
scenario things that may help or hinder progress
toward your goals/ objectives;
Schermerhorn (2008) gave five steps in the
planning process:
4. Analyze and choose among action alternatives;
list and carefully evaluate possible actions and choose
the alternative most likely to accomplish
goals/objectives.
5. Implement the plan and evaluate results; take
corrective action and revise plans as needed.
Planning at

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Different Levels in
the Firm
Ms. Rowie Ann C. Sugala
2024
Chief Operating Officer Laag Unlimited Travels Organization
 Different levels of the firm engage in
planning. All resulting plans must be
related to each other and directed towards
the same goals.
Top-Level Management Planning
(Strategic Planning)
CEOs, company presidents, or the organization's senior executives
develop and execute the said strategic plan. They, however, do not
formulate or execute the plan on their own; a management team
supports and helps top-level managers in carrying out these tasks.
Strategic planning starts with defining the organization's
goals/objectives, the major targets related to the maintenance of the
organization's stability, and its organizational culture, values, and
growth improving its productivity, profitability, effectiveness, and
efficiency, among others.
Mid-Level Management Planning
(Tactical Planning)
Tactical planning refers to a set of procedures for changing
or transforming broad strategic goals and plans into specific
goals and plans that are applicable and needed in one
unit/portion of the organization. It is focused on major
actions that must be done by a unit to contribute its share
for the achievement of the strategic plan.
Lower-Level Management Planning
(Operational Planning)
Operational planning involves identifying the specific
procedures and processes required at the lower levels of the
organization. This also involves routine tasks or tasks
repeatedly done by the organization's lower-level units.
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Integrating Strategic, Tactical,

and Operational Planning

Ms. Kyna A. Ramacula

2022
Frontline Manager
Laag Unlimited Travels Organization
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Managers in different hierarchical levels of the organization
may contribute their ideas or suggestions in developing the
strategic plan, a task originally assigned to the senior
executives. Also, frontline managers may make decisions that
could influence strategy formulation at higher levels. All
plans, however, must be directed toward the achievement of
the organization's strategic goals.
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Finally, CEOs or company presidents must see to it that all
communication lines in their organization are open, that
there is excellent dissemination of information to all levels,
and they are aware of everything that is happening in their
firm.
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Application of Learnings

Ms. Kyna A. Ramacula

2022
Frontline Manager
Laag Unlimited Travels Organization
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Suppose you have initiated a small business with an initial
capital of P 97 000. Your monthly income includes sales
revenue, and you anticipate an average of P 20 000 a month.
Your monthly expenses consist of rent P 4 500, utilities P 1
000, raw materials P 8 000, and employees salaries of P 15
000. You aim for a monthly savings of 10% of your initial
capital. Create a budget plan for the first six months.