DECLINE AND DISAPPERANCE OF

INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION

NAME: MUHAMMAD JUNAID

SECTION: 1C
DATE OF PRESENTATION: 11 DEC 2023
INTRODUCTION

The Great Indus Civilization,located in modern-day India

and Pakistan,began to decline around 1800BCE.The
civilization eventually disappeared along with its two great
cities Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa.

REASONS:The following are few reasons given below.

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS:
• CLIMATE SHIFTS:
Periodic shifts in monsoons pattterns
may have disrupted agriculture and water supply.

RIVER CHANGES:
Alternations in the course of the Indus
and its tributies could have impacted the settlement
location.
NATURAL DISASTERS:
• EARTHQUAKE:
• Siesmic activity might have damaged
infrastructure and led to population displacement.

• FLOOLIND:
• Frequent floods could have damaged
settlement and agriculture fields.
ARYAN MIGRATION:
• Arrival of Indo-Aryan people from the northwest could
have led to conflict and displacement of indigenous
inhabitants.
ECONOMIC FACTORS:
• TRADE ROUTES:
• Change in trade routes and loss of
economic connections might have weakened the
civilization.
• RESOURCES DEPLETION:
• Over exploitation of resources
may have led to resources scarity.
SOCIAL AND POLITICAL FACTORS:
• INTERNAL FACTORS:
• Social unrest,power struggles or
political fragmentation could have destablized society.

• DECLINE OF CENTRAL AUTHORITY:

• A breakdown in
centralozed governance might have contributed to the
decline.
DECLINE OF URBANISM:
• A shift from urban to rural life might have occured.This led
to the decline and disappearance of indus valley
civilization.
EXTERNAL INVASIONS:

• Invasions by foreign groups or neighbourin civilization

could have weekened or destroyed the cities.
ABANDONMENT AND MIGRATION:
• GDRADUAL DERESTION:
• Population might have
abondaned cities due to resoures depletion.

• MIGRATION:
• People could have relocated to other regions
in search of better living condition.
CONCLUSION:
• It is important to note that the exact causes of the decline
and disappearance of the Indus Valley Civilization remain
a subject of ongoing research and debate among
historians and archaeologist main a mystery.