Balloon

How energy from the

Sun interacts with the
layers of the
atmosphere?

PREPARED BY: TYPE YOUR NAME HERE

 S7ES - IVd - 5
• Discuss how energy from the Sun
interacts with the layers of the atmosphere
WIND
• Wind is the
movement of air.
• It is caused by:
– 1.Differences in
temperature.
– 2.Differences in
pressure.
 DIFFERENCES IN TEMPERATURE
• 1. Warm air rises.
– Warming air make
the molecules
move faster and
spread out.
– This makes the air
less dense.
– Less dense air is
light and will rise.
 Differences in Temperature
• 2. Cold air sinks.
– Cooling air makes
the molecules
move slower and
group together.
– This makes the air
more dense.
– More dense air will
sink.
HIGH PRESSURE
AREA AND LOW
PRESSURE
AREA
 DIFFERENCES IN PRESSURE
• 1. Rising air creates low pressure area.
– If air is lifted up, that means there is Less air
pushing down on Earth. There will be more water
vapor and higher rate of condensation and will
result into a storm. It brings warm and rainy
weather.
• 2. Sinking air creates high pressure area.
– If air is sinking, then air is pushing down on the
surface of Earth with a High amount of pressure.
This will bring cold and dry weather caused by the
anticyclonic flow of wind.
 The Creation of Wind
• 1. Differences in temperature cause air to
rise and sink all over Earth’s surface.
• 2. Rising and sinking air creates high and
low pressure.
• 3. The atmosphere does NOT like
UNBALANCED PRESSURE SOOOO…
• IT TRIES TO EQUAL OUT PRESSURE
BY MOVING AIR FROM HIGH TO LOW
PRESSURE.
 Winds are created by …
• 1. Heating the air, decreases pressure (warm
air rises creating a low pressure area).
• 2. Cool air rushes in to replace the warm air
(cooler, denser, air produces high pressure).
• 3. As air goes from high pressure to low
pressure, winds form.
• 4. Wind is a horizontal movement of air.
LAND & SEA BREEZES
Land and Sea Breezes
SEA BREEZE… Air moves from the sea
during the day.
Convection
Convection is the main way the atmosphere is
heated.

Mr. Fetch’s Earth Science Classroom

Land BREEZE… air moves from the
land at night.
 FRONT
• When two different air masses come into
contact, they don’t mix. They push against
each other along a line called a front
 COLD FRONT
• When a cold air mass catches up a
warm air mass, the cold air slides
under the warm air and pushes it
upward, as it rises, the warm air cools
rapidly.
 Cumulonimbus clouds often
associated with heavy precipitation
and storm.
 WARM FRONT
• When a warm air mass meets a cold
air mass, the warm air rises since it is
lighter, at high altitude, it cools and
the water vapor contained
condenses.
Nimbostratus clouds which can
result in moderate rain.
 Stationary Front
• a front between warm and cold air masses
that is moving very slowly or not at all.

Ocluded Front
• a composite front formed when a cold front
overtakes a warm front and forces it aloft.
• As air masses circulate and move, pushed
by winds, they directly influence the
weather in the regions over which they
pass. In this way, they help to circulate
heat and humidity in the atmosphere.
Summer Southwest Monsoon
- Habagat

Caused by warm air passing over the ocean

in the equator. Because of this, air acquires
moisture from evaporating water which
brings considerable amount of rain as it hits
land. This warm, moist air usually comes
from the Indian Ocean.
Visits the Philippines from the months of
June to September. It customarily produces
abundant rain, causing strong winds and wet
climate in the country.
 Winter Northeast Monsoon -
Amihan

Brings cool and dry winds formed from the

regions of Mongolia, Siberia, and Northern
China during winter seasons.

Brings cooler and calmer climate in the

Philippines and is experienced from
November to February.
Winter Monsoon weather features a
generally less strong, Northeast breeze with
prolonged periods of successive cloudless
days.
 FORMATION OF ITCZ
Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone
The trade winds from the Northern hemisphere
and Southern hemisphere bring the tropical air
masses from both the hemisphere together and
they meet along a zone which is called Inter-
Tropical Convergence Zone. It lies near the
equator and may shift by about ten degrees
latitude north and south. These air masses are
warm and humid resulting in the formation of
convective clouds and subsequent heavy
precipitation during most part of the year.
The Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)
appears as a band of clouds consisting of
showers, with occasional thunderstorms, that
encircles the globe near the equator. The solid
band of clouds may extend for many hundreds of
miles and is sometimes broken into smaller line
segments. The ITCZ follows the sun in that the
position varies seasonally. It moves north in the
northern summer and south in the northern winter.
The ITCZ (pronounced "itch") is what is
responsible for the wet and dry seasons in the
tropics
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