G12-MATHEMATICS

UNIT-2: INTRODUCTION TO CALCULUS

2.2 Applications of Derivatives
Objective: To study the application of derivatives

in real life usage(rate of change, loss, profit, cost)

Contents
o Introduction
o Applications of Derivatives in:
 Finding rate of change
 Business and Economics
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 Road Taxation
2.2 Applications of Derivatives

2.2.0 Introduction
 Derivatives are applied both in mathematics and

in real life
 For example in Mathematics used to find,
 The rate of change of quantity
 The approximate value
 The equation of tangent line and the normal line

to the curve

The minimum and maximum values

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
 Cont……

 In real life,
 To find profit and loss for the future investment
using graphs (business)
 To calculate the rate of change of distance of a
moving body with respect to time (physician)
 To determine the rate of change in the
concentration of a reactant with respect to time
(chemist)
 To determine the rate of change of the population
of bacteria with respect to time(biologist) 03/03/2024 3
2.2.1 Application of Derivatives in Finding Rate of
Change

 To find the rate at which the area is to be

increased
 To find the rate at which the distance is to be
increased
 To find the rate at which the radius is to be
changed
 To find the rate at which the acceleration and the
velocity is to be changed
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Examples

1) If the radius of a circle is increasing at the

rate of 1.5cm/s., find the rate at which the

area is increasing at the instant when the

diameter is 12 cm.

Solution: A =

= 1.5cm/s, to find at d =12cm

A = => = =
𝜋(2r)
Hence,
(6) = 2𝜋(6)(1.5) = 18𝜋cm2/s 03/03/2024 5
 Cont…
2) An object is moving along the path 3y = x2. If
the x-coordinate of the object is increasing at a rate
of 2ft/min at the instant when x=6, find the rate at
which the y-coordinate is increasing
Solution: 3y = x2 and = 2ft/min
3y = x2=> 3 = 2  =
Thus at x = 6, = (6)(2) = 8ft/min
For more Examples and Exercises(P114-116)

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2.2.2 Applications of Derivatives in Business
and Economics
 Used as a method of speculating and generating
income
 To determine the optimal sales volume and the
amount of profit expected
 To determine the total cost, revenue and
marginal cost

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Example

1) The company the total revenue R and the total

cost C for yard maintenance of x homes are
given by R(x) = 1000x – x2, and C(x) = 300
+20x. Suppose that the company is adding 10
homes per day at the moment when the 400th
customer is signed. At that moment, what is the
rate of change of
a) Total revenue b) total cost C) total profit

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 Cont….

Solution: a) = = (1000 -2x)

|x = 400 = (1000 -2*400)(10) = 2000 birr per day
b) = = (20)() = 20*10 = 200 birr per day
c) P(x) = R(x) – C(x), = – = 2000 birr per day –
200 birr per day = 1800 birr per day
For more Examples and Exercises (P116-120)

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2.2.3 Applications of Derivatives in Road
Taxation
 To find the average total cost per distance
 To minimize average cost per distance
 To find dimensions of the object of the least cost

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Example

1) A motorist has to pay an annual road tax of 50

birrs and 110 birrs for insurance. His car does 30
miles to the gallon which costs 75 pence. The car
is serviced every 3000 miles for 20 birrs, and
depreciation is calculated in pence by multiplying
the square of the mileage by 0.001.
a) Obtain the expression for the total annual cost
b) Find the expression for the average total cost
c) Calculate the annual mileage
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 Cont..

Solution: Tax per annum = 50 birrs; Insurance per

annum = 110 birrs; Cost of petrol = ; Service
charge = ; Depreciation =
a) Total cost (C) = 50 + 110 + + + 0.00001x2
b) Average total cost (C/x) = M = + + +
0.00001x

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 Cont..

c) = 0 => - + 0.00001 = 0 =>0.00001x2 = 160

=> x2 = 16,000,000 => x = 4000 (The motorist
can cover 4000 miles in year to minimize the cost)

For more Examples and Exercises (P122)

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THANK YOU

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