05 fuvkASES

GENERAL CHEMISTRY I
LESSON OVERVIEW
▪ Behavior of Gases
▪ Gas Laws
▪ The Ideal Gas Law
▪ Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure
5.1
BEHAVIOR OF GASES
PROPERTIES OF GAS PARTICLES
• Gases consists of particles that are relatively far apart as compared to solids
and liquids.
• Gas particles move about rapidly.
• Gas particles have little effect on one another unless they collide.
• Gases expand to fill their containers.
BEHAVIOR OF GASES
• All gases expand if heated
and contract if cooled.
• Changes in pressure and
amount of gas affect the
behavior of gas.
• Flat tire
• Blowing up a Balloon
• Exercise ball
PRESSURE OF A GAS

• Force of gas particles colliding

with the walls of a container
5.2
GAS LAWS
BOYLE’S LAW
Physicist Robert Boyle

“The volume of a given amount of gas is inversely proportional to its

pressure at constant temperature”

𝑃𝑉=𝑘
BOYLE’S LAW
BOYLE’S LAW
If 22.5 L of nitrogen at 748 mm Hg are compressed to 725
mm hg at constant temperature. What is the new volume?

𝑃𝑉=𝑘
CHARLES’S LAW
Scientist Jacques Charles

“The volume of a given amount of gas is directly proportional to its absolute

temperature at constant pressure”
CHARLES’S LAW
 CHARLES’S LAW

A container containing 5.00L of gas is collected at 100 K and then

allowed to expand to 20.0 L. What must be the new temperature in order to
maintain the same pressure?
𝑉 𝑉1 𝑉 2
=𝑘 =
𝑇 𝑇 1 𝑇2

00 𝐿 20.0 𝐿 𝑇 2 ∙ 5.00 𝐿=100 𝐾 ∙ 20.0 𝐿

=
00 𝐾 𝑇 2 𝑇 2 ∙ 5.00 𝐿=2 000.0 𝐾 ∙ 𝐿
GAY-LUSSAC’S LAW
Chemist and Physicist Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac

“At a fixed volume, the temperature and pressure of a gas are directly
proportional to each other”
GAY-LUSSAC’S LAW
 GAY-LUSSAC’S LAW
The gases in a hair spray can are at a temperature of 27 degrees celcius
and a pressure of 30. If the gases in the can reach a pressure of the can will
explode. To what temperature must the gases be raised for the can to explode?
Assume the volume is constant.

𝑃
=𝑘
𝑃1 𝑃2
= 𝑇 = ( 27 000
𝑙𝑏
𝑖𝑛 2
∙𝐾
𝑇 𝑇 1 𝑇 22 𝑙𝑏
30
30
𝑙𝑏
𝑖𝑛2
=
)90
30
𝑙𝑏
𝑖𝑇
𝑙𝑏
𝑖𝑛
𝑛 2
(×
2
𝑇 ) (
2 = 90
𝑙𝑏
𝑖 𝑛2 ) ( 300 𝐾 )
𝑖 𝑛2

0
𝐶 +273 2
𝑙𝑏 𝑙𝑏
30 ∙ 𝑇 2 = 27000 ∙ 𝐾
𝑙𝑏
𝑖 𝑛
2 )= ( 90𝑖𝑛
𝑙𝑏
2
2
𝑖𝑛 )
𝑖𝑛
2

0 𝐾 𝑇 2
AVOGADRO’S LAW
Lorenzo Romano Amadeo Carlo Avogadro

“The volume of a gas at a given temperature is directly proportional to the

number of moles contained in the volume”
AVOGADRO’S LAW
AVOGADRO’S LAW
A flexible container at an initial volume of 5.120L contains 8.500 mol of
gas. More gas is then added to the container until it reaches a final volume
of 18.10L. Assuming the pressure and temperature of the gas remain
constant, calculate the number of moles of gas added to the container.
COMBINED GAS LAW

The relationship shared by pressure, volume and temperature: the

variables found in other gas laws, such as Boyle’s law, Charles’s Law and
Gay-Lussac’s Law.
 COMBINED GAS LAW
A gas is heated from 263.0 K to 298.0 K and the volume is increased
from 24.0 liters to 35.0 liters by moving a large piston within a cylinder. If
the original pressure was 1.00 atm, what would the final pressure be?

8.0 𝐾 )
) ( 298.0 𝐾 )
.0 𝐾 )𝒂𝒕𝒎
𝟕𝟎
5.3
THE IDEAL GAS LAW
IDEAL GAS LAW

The combination of all Simple Gas Laws: Boyle’s Law, Charles’ law
and Avogadro’s Law.
𝑃𝑉=𝑛𝑅𝑇
Where:
P= pressure
V= volume
n=amount of gas particles
T= temperature
 IDEAL GAS LAW

A gas canister can tolerate internal pressure up to 210 atmospheres.

If a 2L canister holding 3.5 moles of gas is heated to, will the canister
explode?
𝑃𝑉 =𝑛𝑅𝑇

𝑃(2𝐿)=( 3.5𝑚𝑜𝑙 ) (
0.0821𝐿∙𝑎𝑡𝑚
𝑚𝑜𝑙∙𝐾
(1623𝐾) ) 𝑃=
𝑃 (2 𝐿

𝑷 =𝟐𝟑𝟑
)=
466
STANDARD TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE

STP commonly is used when standard state conditions are applied to

calculations.

▪ Standard Temperature = 273 K

▪ Standard Pressure = 1 atm
 STANDARD TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE

𝑃𝑉 =𝑛𝑅𝑇
0.0821 𝐿∙ 𝑎𝑡𝑚
(1𝑎𝑡𝑚)𝑉 =(1.7844 𝑚𝑜𝑙) (273 𝐾 )
𝑚𝑜𝑙∙ 𝐾
5.4
DALTON’S LAW OF PARTIAL
PRESSURE
DALTON’S LAW OF PARTIAL PRESSURE

“The total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial
pressures of the component gases”
DALTON’S LAW OF PARTIAL PRESSURE

A 250 ml sample of oxygen is collected over water at and 760.o torr

pressure. What is the pressure of the dry gas alone? (Vapor pressure of
water at =23.8 torr)
DALTON’S LAW OF PARTIAL PRESSURE

Blast furnaces gives off many unpleasant and unhealty gases. If the total air
pressure is 0.99 atm, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide is 0.05 atm, and
the partial pressure of hydrogen sulfide is 0.02 atm, what is the partial
pressure of the remaining gas?