PRESENTED BY

• MALIK SHARIQ
• CH.M.RAFFAY RAZZAQ
• ABDUL RAFAY
 IMPORTANCE
OF AL-AQSA MOSQUE IN ISLAM

Al-Aqsa Mosque holds a significant place in Islam due to its historical and
prophetic importance. As the third holiest site in Islam after the Kaaba and the
Prophet's Mosque, it is associated with pivotal events, including the Night
Journey of Prophet Muhammad. The mosque is linked to earlier prophets such
as Ibrahim, Musa, and Sulaiman, adding to its sanctity. While initially serving
as the qibla, Al-Aqsa Mosque transitioned to Mecca, underlining its early role
in Islamic worship. The city of Jerusalem, where the mosque is situated, is
revered in the Qur'an and hadiths, contributing to its sacred status. Miraculous
events connected to Al-Aqsa Mosque emphasize its divine significance in
Islamic tradition. Beyond religious worship, it symbolizes resistance, unity,
and solidarity for Muslims globally. Its protection and well-being are
communal concerns, fostering a shared sense of devotion among believers.
Overall, Al-Aqsa Mosque's importance transcends its physical structure,
encompassing spiritual, historical, and cultural dimensions in the hearts of
Muslims.
PALESTIN
 PALESTIN
E
Palestine, in the The population of Palestine's total Arabic is the Palestinian culture
Middle East, Palestine is about area, including the official language of is deeply rooted in
borders Israel, 5.04 million. West Bank and Palestine. English Arab traditions,
Jordan, and Egypt, Gaza Strip, is is also widely used encompassing
with East approximately and understood, literature, music,
Jerusalem as its 6,220 square especially in dance, and cuisine.
capital. kilometers. official and
educational
settings.
PALESTIN
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

The Ottoman Empire played a crucial role in the history of

Palestine. From the early 16th century until World War I,
Palestine was part of the Ottoman Empire. During this period, the
region experienced relative stability, with the Ottoman rulers
overseeing administration and governance. The empire's decline
in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, coupled with nationalist
movements, set the stage for significant geopolitical changes. The
British Mandate took control of Palestine after World War I,
marking the end of Ottoman rule and leading to subsequent events
that shaped the modern history and conflicts in the region.
 ISRAEL
The population of Israel has a total land The official languages Israel's culture is a
Israel is in the Israel is about 9.55 area of approximately of Israel are Hebrew vibrant fusion of
Middle East, million. 20,770 square and Arabic. Hebrew is Jewish, Arab, and
bordered by the kilometers, making it the primary and most diverse immigrant
Mediterranean a relatively small widely spoken influences, reflected in
Sea, and has country in the Middle language, while its cuisine, music, and
diverse East. Arabic has official arts.
landscapes status and is also used
including coastal in various contexts.
plains, mountains,
and the Negev
Desert.
UN PARTITION
PLAN

The Ottoman Empire played a crucial role in the history of Palestine. From the
early 16th century until World War I, Palestine was part of the Ottoman
Empire. During this period, the region experienced relative stability, with the
Ottoman rulers overseeing administration and governance. The empire's
decline in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, coupled with nationalist
movements, set the stage for significant geopolitical changes. The British
Mandate took control of Palestine after World War I, marking the end of
Ottoman rule and leading to subsequent events that shaped the modern history
and conflicts in the region.
UN PARTITION
PLAN

The Ottoman Empire played a crucial role in the history of Palestine. From
the early 16th century until World War I, Palestine was part of the
Ottoman Empire. During this period, the region experienced relative
stability, with the Ottoman rulers overseeing administration and
governance. The empire's decline in the late 19th and early 20th centuries,
coupled with nationalist movements, set the stage for significant
geopolitical changes. The British Mandate took control of Palestine after
World War I, marking the end of Ottoman rule and leading to subsequent
events that shaped the modern history and conflicts in the region.
British Mandate (1917- Israeli War of Independence
1948): (1948-1949):
After World War I, the The 1948-1949 Israeli War of
League of Nations granted Independence led to the
Britain the mandate to displacement of hundreds of
govern Palestine. During thousands of Palestinians as
this time, tensions neighboring Arab states
increased between Jewish intervened. This resulted in the
and Arab communities. creation of Palestinian refugee
camps.
Six-Day War (1967): Yom Kippur War Second Intifada Gaza Wars (2008-
Israel fought against (1973): (2000-2005): 2009, 2012, 2014):
Egypt, Jordan, and Syria, Egypt and Syria launched A period of Israel engaged in
capturing the West a surprise attack on intensified military conflicts
Bank, East Jerusalem, Israel during the Yom Palestinian uprising with Hamas, the
the Gaza Strip, and the Kippur holiday. The against Israeli rule, Palestinian group
Golan Heights. The conflict ended with a marked by suicide controlling Gaza,
occupation of these ceasefire but further bombings and resulting in
territories has been a solidified regional Israeli military significant casualties
major source of tension. tensions. operations. and displacements.
The Oslo Accords, signed in 1993 between Israel
and the Palestine Liberation Organization
(PLO), aimed to establish a framework for the
peaceful resolution of the Israeli-Palestinian
conflict. The accords outlined the creation of the
Palestinian Authority with limited self-
governance in parts of the West Bank and Gaza
Strip. However, the long-term success of the
accords was hindered by ongoing disputes and
violence.
 The Second
Intifada
(2000-2005)
First Intifada (1987-1993):
was triggered by failed
peace talks and Ariel
This uprising involved widespread protests,
Sharon's visit to civil
the disobedience, and acts
of resistance against IsraeliTemple
occupation in thebyWest Bank and Gaza
Mount. Marked
increased violence,
Strip. It led to negotiations and the suicide
Oslo Accords.
bombings, and Israeli
military operations, it
significantly impacted the
region and complicated
peace efforts.
 The Second
First Intifada
Intifada (2000-
(1987-1993):
This uprising involved 2005)
widespread protests, civil was triggered by failed
disobedience, and acts of peace talks and Ariel
resistance against Israeli Sharon's visit to the
occupation in the West Bank Temple Mount. Marked
and Gaza Strip. It led to by increased violence,
negotiations and the Oslo suicide bombings, and
Israeli military operations,
Accords.
it significantly impacted
the region and
complicated peace efforts.
L
INTERNATIONAL
PERSPECTIVES

Support for Israel comes from the U.S., a historical ally providing
diplomatic, military, and financial aid. European nations like the U.K. and
Germany also maintain strong ties. On the Palestinian side, Arab and
Muslim-majority nations express solidarity, while non-aligned and
developing countries support their quest for self-determination. The
international community generally calls for a two-state solution, with
peace initiatives like the Oslo Accords aimed at achieving it. Criticisms
focus on Israeli settlements and military actions, with human rights
concerns raised globally. United Nations resolutions vary in perception,
and the BDS movement seeks change through economic and cultural
boycotts. Various international actors, including the Quartet, have
mediated peace talks.
CHALLENGES
 CHALLENGES

Israeli Settlements and Humanitarian Crisis in Fragmentation of Status of Jerusalem: Stalled Peace Process and
Annexation: Gaza: Palestinian Territories: The status of International Diplomacy:
Ongoing expansion of The Gaza Strip faces a The physical separation Jerusalem remains a The lack of progress in
Israeli settlements in dire humanitarian between the West Bank contentious issue, the Israeli-Palestinian
the West Bank and East situation, including and Gaza, along with with competing peace process, coupled
Jerusalem, coupled economic hardship, internal political claims and actions with varying
with concerns about limited access to divisions between Fatah affecting the city's international approaches,
potential annexation, essential services, and and Hamas, contributes demography and its poses a challenge to
pose significant periodic escalations of to the fragmentation of symbolic importance finding a comprehensive
challenges to the violence, exacerbating Palestinian territories, to both Israelis and and lasting solution to
establishment of a the challenges for the hindering cohesive Palestinians. the conflict.
viable Palestinian state. Palestinian governance.
population.
 CONCLUSIO
0 N
0 0 0 0
1 2 3 4 5
Ongoing The unresolved status The dire situation in the Internal political divisions The lack of progress in
disagreements over of Jerusalem, claimed Gaza Strip, marked by between Fatah and peace talks, coupled with
borders, especially by both Israelis and economic hardship and Hamas, along with diverse international
in the West Bank Palestinians as their limited access to essential physical separation perspectives and
and East Jerusalem, capital, remains a services, poses significant between the West Bank geopolitical
hinder progress major obstacle to challenges for the well- and Gaza, impede unified considerations,
towards a two-state negotiations. being of the Palestinian governance and a complicates the search for
solution. population. cohesive approach to a comprehensive and
negotiations. lasting resolution to the
conflict.
 CONCLUSIO
0 N
0 0 0 0
1 2 3 4 5
Ongoing The unresolved status The dire situation in the Internal political divisions The lack of progress in
disagreements over of Jerusalem, claimed Gaza Strip, marked by between Fatah and peace talks, coupled with
borders, especially by both Israelis and economic hardship and Hamas, along with diverse international
in the West Bank Palestinians as their limited access to essential physical separation perspectives and
and East Jerusalem, capital, remains a services, poses significant between the West Bank geopolitical
hinder progress major obstacle to challenges for the well- and Gaza, impede unified considerations,
towards a two-state negotiations. being of the Palestinian governance and a complicates the search for
solution. population. cohesive approach to a comprehensive and
negotiations. lasting resolution to the
conflict.
 CONCLUSIO
0 N
0 0 0 0
1 2 3 4 5
Ongoing The unresolved status The dire situation in the Internal political divisions The lack of progress in
disagreements over of Jerusalem, claimed Gaza Strip, marked by between Fatah and peace talks, coupled with
borders, especially by both Israelis and economic hardship and Hamas, along with diverse international
in the West Bank Palestinians as their limited access to essential physical separation perspectives and
and East Jerusalem, capital, remains a services, poses significant between the West Bank geopolitical
hinder progress major obstacle to challenges for the well- and Gaza, impede unified considerations,
towards a two-state negotiations. being of the Palestinian governance and a complicates the search for
solution. population. cohesive approach to a comprehensive and
negotiations. lasting resolution to the
conflict.
 CONCLUSIO
0 N
0 0 0 0
1 2 3 4 5
Ongoing The unresolved status The dire situation in the Internal political divisions The lack of progress in
disagreements over of Jerusalem, claimed Gaza Strip, marked by between Fatah and peace talks, coupled with
borders, especially by both Israelis and economic hardship and Hamas, along with diverse international
in the West Bank Palestinians as their limited access to essential physical separation perspectives and
and East Jerusalem, capital, remains a services, poses significant between the West Bank geopolitical
hinder progress major obstacle to challenges for the well- and Gaza, impede unified considerations,
towards a two-state negotiations. being of the Palestinian governance and a complicates the search for
solution. population. cohesive approach to a comprehensive and
negotiations. lasting resolution to the
conflict.
 CONCLUSIO
0 N
0 0 0 0
1 2 3 4 5
Ongoing The unresolved status The dire situation in the Internal political divisions The lack of progress in
disagreements over of Jerusalem, claimed Gaza Strip, marked by between Fatah and peace talks, coupled with
borders, especially by both Israelis and economic hardship and Hamas, along with diverse international
in the West Bank Palestinians as their limited access to essential physical separation perspectives and
and East Jerusalem, capital, remains a services, poses significant between the West Bank geopolitical
hinder progress major obstacle to challenges for the well- and Gaza, impede unified considerations,
towards a two-state negotiations. being of the Palestinian governance and a complicates the search for
solution. population. cohesive approach to a comprehensive and
negotiations. lasting resolution to the
conflict.
 CONCLUSIO
0 N
0 0 0 0
1 2 3 4 5
Ongoing The unresolved status The dire situation in the Internal political divisions The lack of progress in
disagreements over of Jerusalem, claimed Gaza Strip, marked by between Fatah and peace talks, coupled with
borders, especially by both Israelis and economic hardship and Hamas, along with diverse international
in the West Bank Palestinians as their limited access to essential physical separation perspectives and
and East Jerusalem, capital, remains a services, poses significant between the West Bank geopolitical
hinder progress major obstacle to challenges for the well- and Gaza, impede unified considerations,
towards a two-state negotiations. being of the Palestinian governance and a complicates the search for
solution. population. cohesive approach to a comprehensive and
negotiations. lasting resolution to the
conflict.
 CONCLUSIO
0 N
0 0 0 0
1 2 3 4 5
Ongoing The unresolved status The dire situation in the Internal political divisions The lack of progress in
disagreements over of Jerusalem, claimed Gaza Strip, marked by between Fatah and peace talks, coupled with
borders, especially by both Israelis and economic hardship and Hamas, along with diverse international
in the West Bank Palestinians as their limited access to essential physical separation perspectives and
and East Jerusalem, capital, remains a services, poses significant between the West Bank geopolitical
hinder progress major obstacle to challenges for the well- and Gaza, impede unified considerations,
towards a two-state negotiations. being of the Palestinian governance and a complicates the search for
solution. population. cohesive approach to a comprehensive and
negotiations. lasting resolution to the
conflict.

PALESTINE WILL BE FREE FROM RIVER TO SEA

GOT QUESTIONS?