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France
The Hunchback
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Church/
Gothic
Cathedral
 GROUP 3 PRESENTS

GOTHIC
A R C H I T E C T U R E

The One That Goth Away

CEA-01-301P
BACINA, FAITH MALUBAY, MAEBEL ANN QUIAPO, REXSON QUINTO, JEMAR RICO, NICOLE
 Table of
Contents
CHAPTER 1:

Introduction.................................................................................... 01

CHAPTER 2:

Transition ..................................................................................... 07

CHAPTER 3:

Influence ........................................................................................ 12

CHAPTER 4:

History............................................................................................. 12

CHAPTER 5: Main Structural

Elements ........................................................ 12

CHAPTER 6: Elements of Each Gothic Period

 Gothic
Architecture
CHAPTER
1:
Introduction
 Introduction
• Gothic architecture was named for the Goths, a nomadic
Germanic group that fought against Roman rule in the late
300s and early 400s.
• The Gothic style evolved from Romanesque
• Buildings were carefully designed and took up to a century to
construct as a result.
PASS THE
BALL
NAKINIG KA BA TALAGA?
LET’S SEE!
QUESTIONS 1. When was the term
“Gothic” used?
CHAPTER 1
2. Why did the buildings in
Gothic Architecture take a
century to construct?
 Gothic
Architecture
CHAPTER
2:
Transition
TRANSITION
Romanesque Architecture to Gothic Architecture

Transition Period: 12th to 13th centuries in Europe

REASONS
• Religion
• Advancements in innovations
• Ability to raise fund for the Gothic Cathedrals
• Competitiveness among communities
QUESTIONS 1. When was the transition
period of Romanesque
CHAPTER 2 architecture to Gothic
architecture?

2. Give one of the reasons of the transition

from Romanesque to Gothic architecture.
 Gothic
Architecture
CHAPTER
3:
Influences
 Influences
• Geographical

- The nations of Western Europe came into existence.

- Germany became the center of the Holy Roman Empire.
-England had become thoroughly united under the Norman Kings.
-Architectural Styles
*Romanesque Architecture - Adopted its features but exaggerated them
*Byzantine Architecture - Flying Buttresses
*Islamic Architecture - Pointed Arches
 Influences
• Geological
The local availability of materials affected both construction and style.
* England - Coarse limestone, red sandstone, and dark green Purbeck marble
- applied brickwork
* France - Limestone
Caen - White limestone used for sculptor decoration
* Germany & Baltic countries - Brick Gothic
* Italy - Stone, Brick, Marble
* Scandinavia - Timber
 Influences
• Climate

- Climate affects the rise of arcades and the size of door

and window openings.
- Snow and stormy weather were responsible for the high
pitched Gothic roof of Northern Europe.
-The sun, in Northern Europe, is more suitable for Gothic
than Classic Architecture.
 Influences
• Religion

-Great power of Popes

-Theological doctrines that called for more light

-Demand for churches

 Influences
• Social and Political

- Municipal rivalry led to wealth growth and impressive

building construction.

* Italy - Divided into different portions, which then

became provinces

* Germany - Towns united for mutual defense and formed

the Hanseatic league

QUESTIONS 1. What are the 3
architectural styles
CHAPTER 3 that influenced gothic
architecture?

2. What are the climatic

cause why gothic has high
pitched roof?
 Gothic
Architecture
CHAPTER
4:
History
• Origin
History
- Gothic architecture began in northern France, notably Île-de-France,
in the mid-12th century. Gothic architecture extended from Île-de-
France to other parts of France and Europe, resulting in many Gothic
cathedrals, churches, and other constructions during the Middle Ages.
It was an important shift from Romanesque architecture and laid the
stage for Renaissance and beyond architectural styles.
• E A R LY G O T H I C
History
( 11 2 0 – 5 0 t o 1 2 t h c e n t u r y )
• Gothic architecture began mainly in the 12th century in France (Ile de France),
where Romanesque Architecture and the pointed arches of Spanish Moorish
architecture inspired architects.

• In Early Gothic, the walls of all apses and chapels have round foot plans

• The earliest surviving Gothic building was the Abbey of Saint-Denis in Paris,
begun in about 1140.

• They marked it as "Gothic" to suggest it was the crude work of German

barbarians (Goths)
• E A R LY E N G L I S H A N D H I G H
GOTHIC
E a r l y E n g l i s h 11 8 0 - 1 2 5 0
• Influenced by the French style, it soon developed its own
characteristics, particularly an emphasis on length over height,
more complex and asymmetric floor plans, square rather than
rounded east ends, and polychrome decoration.

• The first mature example of the style was the nave and choir of
Lincoln Cathedral (begun in 1192).
 • High Gothic or Classic Gothic
1250–1300

• High Gothic is often described as the high point of the Gothic style.

• The French definition of "Gothique Classique" calls for a long nave covered
with quadripartite rib vaults and flanked by collateral aisles.

• Another characteristic separating "Gothique Classique" from Early Gothic is

the absence of lateral tribunes between the upper and lower levels of the walls.
• High Gothic or Classic Gothic
1250–1300

• Church buildings of Classic Gothic have triforia, or interior

galleries on the upper level of the wall, above the side aisles,
looking into the nave.

• Classic Gothic most have polygonal footplans, at least above the

level of the window sills.
• R AY O N N A N T A N D D E C O R AT E D
GOTHIC
Rayonnant Gothic 1200-80
• Radiant or shining gothic

• During this period, architects became less interested in achieving great size
than in decoration.

•Rayonnant architecture included a significantly increased amount of light in the

interior. The style’s name reflects the radiating character of the rose window.

• On the walls, the use of gables, pinnacles, and open tracery increased.
• R AY O N N A N T A N D D E C O R AT E D
GOTHIC
Decorated Gothic 1300-75
• is known for its rich decoration and ornamental detail. It is often considered a
later phase of Gothic architecture that evolved from the earlier Early English
Gothic style.

• Elaborate Tracery

• Geometric Shapes

• Foliage and Natural Forms

• Stiff-leaf Capitals • Curved Molding

• L AT E G O T H I C
F L A M B O YA N T 1 3 7 5 t o t h e m i d - 1 6 t h
c e n t u r y.

• Its most conspicuous feature is the dominance in stone window

tracery of a flamelike S-shaped curve.

• Very tall and narrow pointed arches and gables, particularly

double-curved ogee arches, are typical in buildings of the
Flamboyant style.
• PERPENDICULAR STYLE
(Late Gothic architecture in England
from the 14th century to the 17th
century)

• Phase of late Gothic architecture in England roughly parallel in

time to the French Flamboyant style.

• The style creates rich visual effects through decoration, typified

by large windows, four-centered arches, straight vertical and
horizontal lines in the tracery, and regular arch-topped rectangular
paneling.
• D e c l i n e a n d Tr a n s i t i o n

- With the development of Renaissance architecture in Italy

during the mid-15th century, the Gothic style was supplanted by
the new style.
• S u r v i v a l , R e d i s c o v e r y, a n d R e v i v a l

- In some regions, notably England and Belgium, Gothic

continued to flourish and develop into the 16th century.

- A series of Gothic revivals began in mid-18th century England,

spread through 19th-century Europe, and continued, largely for
churches and university buildings, into the 20th century.
QUESTIONS 1. What is the english
gothic style of
CHAPTER 4 rayonnant gothic in
England?

2. It is often described as
the high point of gothic
style.
 Gothic
Architecture
CHAPTER 5:
Main Structural
Elements
 The 3 basic Gothic Architecture Characteristics

Flying
Pointed Arches Rib Vaults
Buttresses
 Pointed Arches
Gothic architecture shifted from semicircular or Roman arches to a taller, thinner, pointed style influenced by
Islamic architecture.

Eastern end of Wells West front of Reims Lincoln Cathedral (1185–

Cathedral (begun 1175) Cathedral (1211–1275) 1311)
 Rib Vaults
These ribs directed the thrust outwards to the corners of the vault, and downwards via slender colonettes and
bundled columns, to the pillars and columns below.

Sens Cathedral (1135–1164) Canterbury Cathedral Salisbury Cathedral (1220–

(1174–77) 1258)
 Flying Buttresses
The building's buttresses were arranged in rows and often topped with heavy stone pinnacles for added weight
and decoration.

Sens Cathedral (1135–1164) Canterbury Cathedral Salisbury Cathedral (1220–

(1174–77) 1258)
 L a t e r v a u l t s ( 1 3 t h – 1 5 t h c- e n t u r y ) - new vaults were invented, which had more elaborate
decorative features and they became a signature of the later English Gothic.
• L i e r n e v a u l t - This new vault had an additional rib. Secondary arched diagonal ribs are called
tiercerons.
• R i b Va u l t - crossed or diagonal arched ribs.
• S k e l e t o n Va u l t - It has an additional network of ribs, like the ribs of an umbrella, which criss-
cross the vault but are only directly attached to it at certain points.

Lierne vault
S k e l e t o n Va u l t
Lierne vault Rib Vault Skeleton Vault
 COLUMN AND PIERS
The capitals of the columns in Early French Gothic architecture were designed
after Roman columns of the Corinthian order and had beautifully sculpted
leaves. The Abbot Suger, who constructed it, claimed that the columns were
influenced by those he had seen in Rome's ancient baths.
 ABBOT SUGER

In France, Abbot Suger of Saint-Denis is credited

with the early development of Gothic architecture.
In the 12th century, he renovated the Basilica of
Saint-Denis, adding pointed arches, ribbed vaulting,
and large stained glass windows. His work laid the
foundation for the Gothic style.
 COLUMN AND PIERS

1. Early Gothic – Alternating

columns and piers, Sens
Cathedral (12th century)
 COLUMN AND PIERS
2. High Gothic – Clustered
columns of Reims Cathedral
(13th century)
 COLUMN AND PIERS
3. Early English Gothic –
Clustered columns in Salisbury
Cathedral (13th century)
 COLUMN AND PIERS
4. Perpendicular Gothic –
columns without interruption
from the floor to the vaults.
Canterbury Cathedral nave (late
14th century)
 COLUMN AND PIERS
5. Late Gothic- Clustered
columns in Certosa di Pavia (15th
century). The piers became much
taller, reaching up more than half
of the nave
 TOWERS AND SPIRES

• Towers, spires and flèches were an important feature of Gothic

churches.
• Helped make their churches the tallest and most visible
buildings in their city, and symbolised the aspirations of their
builders toward heaven.
• Served as bell towers supporting belfries.
• Sometimes the bell tower is built separate from a church.

Tour Saint-Jacques, Paris, Île-de-France

 TOWERS AND SPIRES
• A flèche (french word for 'arrow') is the name given to spires in Gothic architecture.

Flèche

• The towers of cathedrals were usually the last part of the structure to be built.
• In the Île-de-France, cathedral towers followed the Romanesque tradition of two identical towers, one
on either side of the portals.
 TOWERS AND SPIRES

Cathedral of Notre-Dame Notre Dame de Paris.

of Reims
 TRACERY
• Tracery is an architectural solution by which windows (or screens, panels, and vaults) are divided into
sections of various proportions by stone bars or ribs of moulding.
• Windows with patterns of stone lace called tracery
• Carved stone lace in the windows and on the walls

2 types of Tracery:
 STAINED GLASS WINDOW
• Glass craftsmen used windows to use spiritual and religious ideas to convey stories to those who would
be looking at them.
• The stained glass windows offered worshippers an illustration of Bible stories in the form of color and
light.
2 types of kaleidoscope windows:

Lancet windows Round rose window

 GARGOYLES
• Gothic architecture, popular in Europe from the 12th through the 16th century, features pointed
arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses. This architectural style relied on gargoyles for
decoration and utility.

Holy Cross Church in Great Ponton, A collection of grotesques from

Lincolnshire Reims, France.
 CRUCIFORM LAYOUT
The layout of most Gothic cathedrals followed a cruciform plan, which was meant to resemble a Christian
cross from an aerial perspective.
 MATERIALS
Gothic architecture, which originated in the 12th century and reached its zenith in the
13th and 14th centuries, employed a specific set of materials contributing to its
distinctive style and structural innovations. The primary materials used in Gothic
architecture include:
MATERIALS

STONE
Stone was the fundamental material in Gothic
architecture. Various types of stone were used, including
limestone, sandstone, and occasionally marble, depending
on the region and the availability of local resources.
 MATERIALS

STAINED GLASS
Gothic cathedrals and churches are renowned for their large
stained-glass windows. These windows featured intricate
designs and vibrant colors, and they were made by piecing
together different colored glass sections with lead cames.
MATERIALS

IRON
Iron was used for structural support in Gothic
buildings, such as reinforcing the stone vaults
and arches. It was also used for decorative
elements like grilles, gates, and hinges.
MATERIALS

WOOD
Wood played a significant role in Gothic
architecture, particularly for interior elements. It
was used for roof trusses, doors, and interior
furnishings. Wooden ceilings were often
intricately carved with decorative patterns.
MATERIALS

MORTAR
Mortar, typically made from a mixture of
lime and sand, was used as a binding material
to hold together stone blocks or bricks in the
construction of Gothic structures.
MATERIALS

LEAD

was extensively used in Gothic architecture

for creating roofs, especially in the form of
decorative spires, pinnacles, and gutters. It
was also used for joining and supporting
stained glass windows.
MATERIALS

PLASTER
used for finishing and decorating interior
walls, providing a smooth surface for
frescoes and other decorative elements.
QUESTIONS 1. From where do Gothic
architecture's columns
CHAPTER 5 originate?

2. Name at least 3 materials

used in Gothic architecture.
 Gothic
CHAPTER 6:
Architecture
Elements of Each
Gothic Period Style
 Early Gothic Architecture

Pointed Arches Ribbed Vaults Flying Buttresses

 Early Gothic Architecture

Stained glass windows Vertical Emphasis Simple

with simple tracery
Ornamentation
 Early English Gothic Architecture (1180-1250)

Lancet Ribbed vaulting with Simple

Lancet arches in
Windows pointed arches Ornamentation
doorways and arcades
 High Gothic Architecture

Use of pointed arches

Elaborate and intricate and ribbed vaults Stained glass
decoration windows with
intricate tracery
 High Gothic Architecture

Tall, slender Large rose windows

Sculptural decoration on
proportions
facades and portals
 Rayonnant Gothic Architecture:

Elaborate rose
"Radiant" style Increased use of
windows with
window space
intricate tracery
 Rayonnant Gothic Architecture:

Reduced emphasis on structural Repeated geometrical patterns

elements in decoration
 Decorated Gothic Architecture (1250-1350)

Elaborate and flowing Intricate stone carving and Arches with more complex
tracery in windows ornamentation curves (e.g., ogee arches)
 Late Gothic: Flamboyant Architecture:

Highly decorative and

extravagant style

Flame-like, curvilinear
tracery in windows
 Perpendicular Gothic Architecture (1350-1520)

Vertical emphasis with strong, Rectangular windows with Fan vaulting in

perpendicular lines perpendicular tracery ceilings
Perpendicular Gothic Architecture (1350-1520)

Decorative paneling and Elaborate, intricate

elaborate woodwork detailing
QUESTIONS 1. What window is
narrow, high capped
CHAPTER 6 by a lancet, or acute,
arch?
2. What period is the
radiant style and radiating
rose window?
 Gothic
CHAPTER 7:
Architecture
Structures that also
used Gothic Style
 Structure that also used Gothic

Universities and Colleges Government

Castles
Buildings
Château de Pierrefonds (France)
University of Glasgow Palace of Westminster (England)
(Scotland)
 Structure that also used Gothic

Mansions Railway Stations

and Estates The St, Pancras railway station
Mausoleums and
(Engalnd)
Tombs
QUESTIONS 1. Give two structures
that also use gothic
CHAPTER 7 architecture
2. What structure is the
Palace of Westminster?
 Gothic
CHAPTER
Architecture
8:
Floor PLan
 TYPES OF FLOOR PLAN
IN GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE

Basilica Cruciform Hall Church Cathedral

 TYPES OF FLOOR PLAN IN GOTHIC
ARCHITECTURE

• Basilica
It consists of a long, rectangular
nave (central hall) with side
aisles. At the east end, there is
typically a semicircular or
polygonal apse where the altar is
located.

Notre-Dame Cathedral - Paris, France

TYPES OF FLOOR PLAN IN GOTHIC
ARCHITECTURE

Notre-Dame Cathedral
- Paris, France
 TYPES OF FLOOR PLAN IN GOTHIC
ARCHITECTURE

• Cruciform

characterized by a cruciform
(cross-shaped) layout, with a
central crossing or transept
intersecting the nave, creating a
cross-like form when viewed
from above.

Chartres Cathedral (Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Chartres) - Chartres, France

TYPES OF FLOOR PLAN IN GOTHIC
ARCHITECTURE

Chartres Cathedral
(Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Chartres)
- Chartres, France
 TYPES OF FLOOR PLAN IN GOTHIC
ARCHITECTURE

• Hall Church
characterized by a long,
rectangular nave with no
clear distinction between
the nave and the side aisles.

St. Elizabeth's Church (Marburg Elisabethkirche) - Germany

 TYPES OF FLOOR PLAN IN GOTHIC
ARCHITECTURE

• Cathedral
They often feature multiple
transepts, chapels, and
ambulatories (walkways)
surrounding the choir and
apse.

Amiens Cathedral (Cathédrale Notre-Dame d'Amiens) - Amiens, France

 TYPES OF FLOOR PLAN IN GOTHIC
ARCHITECTURE

Amiens Cathedral (Cathédrale Notre-Dame d'Amiens) - Amiens, France

QUESTIONS 1. What are the four
types of floor plans in
CHAPTER 8 Gothic Architecture?
2. Why does the Hall
Church have no clear
distinction between the
nave and the side aisles?
 Gothic
CHAPTER 9:
Architecture
Notable Examples
w/ Ar. and Plans
 Notable Examples w/ Ar. and Plans
1. France
Basilica of St. Denis
• Considered one of the first-ever Gothic-style buildings

• Abbot Suger
• Architect Eugène
Viollet-le-Duc
• Master-builder Pierre
de Montreuil
 Notable Examples w/ Ar. and Plans
1. France
-Notre Dame de Paris
• One of the largest and best-known churches in France

Middle Ages Construction:

-Jean de Chelles (1200-1258)
-Pierre de Montreuil (1200-1267)
-Pierre de Chelles
19th Century Renovation:
-Jean-Baptiste Lassus (1807-
1857)
-Eugène-Emmanuel Viollet-le-
Duc (1814 –1879)
 Notable Examples w/ Ar. and Plans
2. Germany
• Cologne Cathedral
• largest Gothic cathedral in Northern Europe
• master mason Gerhard of Reil
 Notable Examples w/ Ar. and Plans
2. Germany
• Ulm
Architects:
• It isMinster
currently the -Burkhard Engelberg
tallest church in the -Matthäus Böblinger
world (161.5 m). -August Beyer
-Konrad Heinzelmann
 Notable Examples w/ Ar. and Plans
3. Italy
• Cathedral Church of Milan
Architects:
-Simone da Orsenigo; et al.

• the largest
church in Italy
 Notable Examples w/ Ar. and Plans
4. Spain
• Palace of the Kings of
Navarre of Olite
Architects:
- Saúl de Arnedo
- Juan D'Espernou
- other unknown
 Notable Examples w/ Ar. and Plans
5. England
• Wells Cathedral
• the most poetic of the English Cathedrals
Architects:
- Adam Locke
- William Joy
QUESTIONS
1. What is the first-ever
CHAPTER 9 Gothic-style building?
2. What is the tallest church
in the world?
FIN
GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE
GROUP 3
BACINA, FAITH
MALUBAY, MAEBEL ANN
QUIAPO, REXSON
QUINTO, JEMAR
RICO, NICOLE