Introduction to

Kohlberg's Theory on
Moral Development

Kohlberg's theory of moral development outlines a series of stages that

individuals go through as they develop morally. It is a significant theory in the
field of moral psychology and has wide-ranging implications for many aspects of
life, from education to parenting.

by aldrin bruce alabiar

Level 1: Preconventional Morality

1 Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment Orientation

Individuals at this stage focus on avoiding punishment and are mainly motivated by self-interest.

2 Stage 2: Individualism and Exchange

Here, the focus shifts to pursuing individual interests while also respecting the interests of others.
Level 2: Conventional Morality

Stage 3: Good Interpersonal Stage 4: Maintaining Social Order

Relationships

In this stage, respect for authority and maintaining

Individuals seek approval from others and conform to social order become of utmost importance.
social norms to maintain social order.
Level 3: Postconventional Morality

1 Stage 5: Social Contract and 2 Stage 6: Universal Principles

Individual Rights

Focus shifts to understanding social This stage involves adhering to

contracts and balancing individual rights universal ethical principles even if they
with societal rules. conflict with established laws and rules.
Criticisms of Kohlberg's Theory

Social & Cultural Bias Gender & Moral Development

The theory has been criticized for its It has been accused of exhibiting gender
Western cultural bias and its limited bias, as the stages are based on male moral
inclusion of non-Western perspectives. development.

Limitations in Describing Morality

A critique is that the stages do not fully address all aspects of moral development and reasoning.
Applications of Kohlberg's Theory

Education Parenting Law & Justice

Kohlberg's theory informs the It provides insight into children's The theory is used in legal and
development of ethics education moral development, influencing justice systems to understand
and character development in strategies for effective parenting. moral reasoning and decision-
schools. making.
Implications for Education and Parenting

350K 70%
Students Impacted Parental awareness
Over 350,000 students have benefited from moral 70% of parents have reported greater awareness of
development programs based on Kohlberg's theory. their children's moral reasoning due to the theory's
influence.
Conclusion

Legacy in Psychology Continuing Relevance

Kohlberg's theory continues to significantly shape
the field of moral psychology and ethical Its enduring impact is reflected in its consistent
development. application across various domains of society.