Carrying the Level

and Meridian Into

Mining

Janessa Mae Soler

Robin Lomerio
General
Principle of
Surveying
-To locate a new station by at least two
measurements (linear or angular) from fixed
reference points

-To work from whole to part

.
CARRYING LEVEL AND
MERIDIAN INTO MINING
With the application of surveying principle, precise spatial measurements
and orientation are possible contributing to the overall safety and
efficiency of mining operations.

Applying level and meridians into mining activities help mining

engineers, surveyors, and geologists to accurately assess terrain, plan
mining operations, ensure structural integrity, and comply with
regulatory requirements
 MERIDIANS LEVELS

Meridians involves establishing Levels refers to establishing

true north, which is important in horizontal plane, which is essential
orienting maps, lay outs and in determining elevationns and
directing underground ensuring proper drainage and
measurements stability within the mining site
TYPES OF MERIDIAN
TYPES OF MERIDIAN
True Meridian
Known as Geographical Meridian

• True meridian is the line of

longitude that runs through Earth’s
true north and true south.
• The true meridian at any point
aligns with the Earth’s axis ( True
North and South Pole)
• True Meridian is used for marking
the boundaries of land.
TYPES OF MERIDIAN
Magnetic Meridian

• Fixed line of reference which lies parallel with

the magnetic force. Not parallel to the true
meridians.
• Location of magnetic poles constantly changes,
direction of magnetic meridian
• The magnetic meridian is important in
navigation and compass use because it provides
a reference for determining directions relative
to magnetic north.
TYPES OF MERIDIAN
Grid Meridian

• Grid meridians are lines that are part of a

coordinate grid system used on maps or charts.
• fixed line of reference parallel to the central
meridian of a system of plane rectangular
coordinates.
• All other meridians are parallel to this.
Applicable to plane surveys of limited extent.
TYPES OF MERIDIAN
Assumed Meridian
known as arbitrary meridian
• An assumed meridian refers to a selected line of
longitude that is chosen for convenience or specific
purposes, rather than being based on any
established reference point or natural feature.
• It is a meridian that is not aligned with any
significant geographic or magnetic marker.
• Arbitrary meridians are sometimes used in small-
scale mapping or surveying projects that do not
require global or standardized references
TYPES OF MERIDIAN
True Meridian Magnetic
Magnetic Meridian Meridian
Grid Meridian
Grid Meridian
True Meridian
Assumed Meridian

Assumed Meridian
Expedient Methods of Establishing
Meridians
1. Establishing Magnetic Meridian By Compass
2. Determining True North By Aid of Sun and a Plumb Line
3. Determining True North By Rising and Setting of the Sun
4. Determining True North By Polaris
5. Determining True South By the Southern Cross
6. Determining Direction of True North/South By a Wrist Watch
 IMPORTANCE

Level line Meridian line

Ensures excavations Maintains the correct
maintain consistent direction or alignment
depth, preventing of mine workings,
uneven mining and crucial for following
potential collapses. geological strata and
mining plans.
 Designation of North Poles
TRUE NORTH
• north point of true meridian, an actual
location of the earth's north geographic pole
and is always shown along a vertical line.
Asterisk or TN. T
MAGNETIC NORTH
• north point that is established by means of a
magnetized compass needle when there are
no local attractions affecting it. Half
arrowhead or MN. M