AKSUM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

FACULTY OF MECHANICAL AND INDUSTRIAL

ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING
PRESENTATION ON
Effect of Welding Sequence in Angular
Distortion on Butt Joint GMAW Process
Zebrehe Mebrahtu 1
Effect of Welding Sequence in Angular
Distortion on Butt Joint GMAW Process
List Of Content
Objective
 Methodology And Material Used
Conclusions
 1. objective

The main objective of this work is to investigate the influence of three

different welding sequences of the GMAW process on angular distortion in
butt-joint welds, performed on S235 steel plates by metrological assessment.
 2. Methodology And Material Used
2.1 Welding Materials
The welding equipment used for the experiment is an MIG 453 modular
model machine which consists of a power source, an electrode feeder, a
torch, a gas cylinder, and cables.
2.2 Base Metal and Filler Metal
The base metal adopted for the experiment is S235JR carbon steel
(EN10025),whose chemical composition is indicated as,
 Cont.
• The filler metal used for the experiment is a Eurotrod M/SG 2
electrode, identified as 1434-A G3Si1 by the ISO standard and 5.18 ER
70S-6 by the AWS.
• The electrode is made of steel and coated with copper. It have its own
chemical composition and mechanical properties.
• Shielding Gas
The shielding gas used in the experiment is ISO14175-M21-ArC-18
(mixture of 82% argon and 18% carbon dioxide), which is beneficially
influencing the mechanical properties and preventing contamination of
the molten pool by the external environment.
 Cont.
• Experimental Procedures
The experimental procedures included the preparation of surfaces
using specific tools such as a band saw and an angle grinder with an
abrasive disc, along with the cleaning process using acetone.
The experimental setup involved, 12 pairs of S235JR steel sheets
with dimensions of 220 × 100 × 3 mm and a 30 × 30 mm control grid
with 64 nodes (measurement points) for the analysis of distortions.
 Cont.
• metrological equipment;
The statistical tool and digital metrological equipment used for the experiment is
Creaform composed of C-Track 780, HandyPROBE, and MetraSCAN 3D system,
for acquiring geometric points.
It involves statistical analysis methods such as the parametric t-test, non-
parametric tests (Kruskal-Wallis and Mood’s median test), and the
application of ANOVA and Tuckey test for statistical significance.
• Butt-Joint Welding Process
The weld beads were performed in the flat position (1G) with the
pulling technique, and the experiments would not be affected by
human, material, or machine flaws.
 Cont.
The welding sequences performed were divided into three groups:
1.SM: Symmetrical method. 2.BM: Backward method. 3.SP: Single-pass method
with one step. a=SM: b=BM:c=SP
• Parametric t test comparison
Cont.
 3. Conclusions

• As a result of metrological and statistical analyses, the symmetrical

method (SM) is the sequence that least distorted and single pass (SP)
was the sequence with the most symmetrical distortions.
• In average displacement values, the SM sequence deformed around
9.8% less than the single pass (SP) and 12% less than the backward
method (BM).
Thank you!!!!!
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