TOPS

(Trakindo Outstanding Presentation Skills)

Copyright, 1996 © Dale Carnegie & Associates, Inc.

 Agenda
• Opening
• Introduction to TOPS
• Exercise 1
• Presentation Guidelines
• Exercise 2
• Slides format & tips
• Exercises 3
• Wrap up & closing
 Agenda
– Pembukaan
– Pengantar TOPS
– Latihan 1
– Pedoman Presentasi
– Latihan 2
– Format & kiat slide
– Latihan 3
– Tutup & tutup
 Objective

Why do you intend to enroll

and what do you expect to
gain from this program?
(write your answer & name in a piece of paper)
 Objektif

Mengapa Anda berniat untuk

mendaftar dan apa yang Anda
harapkan dari program ini?

(Tuliskan jawaban & nama Anda di secarik kertas)

Takut berbicara di depan umum?

Berbicara di depan umum merupakan ketakutan

yang kuat bagi banyak orang. Mengetahui
teknik yang tepat dapat membuat perbedaan
besar.

“Glossofobia”
Afraid of public speaking?
Speaking in public represents a powerful
fear for many people. Knowing the right
techniques can make a big difference.

“Glossophobia”
 What is public speaking?
• Is speaking to a group of people in a
structured, deliberate manner.
• It is a form of communication that adds to
the knowledge and wisdom of audiences, or
that influences their attitudes or behavior.
• There are five basic elements in public
speaking; "who is saying what to whom
utilizing what medium with what purpose?"
 Apa itu berbicara di depan umum?

• Adalah berbicara kepada sekelompok orang

dengan cara yang terstruktur dan disengaja.
• Ini adalah bentuk komunikasi yang
menambah pengetahuan dan kebijaksanaan
khalayak, atau yang mempengaruhi sikap
atau perilaku mereka.
• Ada lima elemen dasar dalam berbicara di
depan umum; "siapa mengatakan apa kepada
siapa memanfaatkan media apa dengan
tujuan apa?"
 Basic Principles
Fundamentals

T
O
P
S
Guidelines Rapport
 Prinsip dasar
Dasar-dasar

T
O
P
S
Pedoman Hubungan
Presentation Fundamentals
• Know your material so well, you feel
you own it
• Have a positive feeling about the
subject you are about to present
• Project to your audience the value and
significance of your message
 Dasar-dasar Presentasi
• Ketahui materi Anda dengan baik, Anda
merasa memilikinya
• Miliki perasaan positif tentang subjek
yang akan Anda presentasikan
• Proyeksikan kepada audiens Anda nilai
dan pentingnya pesan Anda
 Presentation Guidelines
• Know far more about your subject than you
can use
• Never memorize a talk word for word
• Use evidence to substantiate your points
• Unless absolutely necessary, don’t write up
your talks
• Make brief notes of interesting things you
want to mention
 Pedoman Presentasi
• Ketahui lebih banyak tentang subjek Anda
daripada yang dapat Anda gunakan
• Jangan pernah menghafal kata demi kata
pembicaraan
• Gunakan bukti untuk mendukung poin Anda
• Kecuali benar-benar diperlukan, jangan tulis
pembicaraan Anda
• Buat catatan singkat tentang hal-hal menarik
yang ingin Anda sebutkan
 Presentation Guidelines
• Rehears your presentation by
conversing with your friends
• Use visual aids when appropriate
• Control “butterfly” via:
– A few deep breaths
– Physical activities
– Pep talks
• Don’t imitate others; be yourself
 Pedoman Presentasi
• Latih presentasi Anda dengan berbicara
dengan teman-teman Anda
• Gunakan alat bantu visual bila perlu
• Kontrol "kupu-kupu" melalui:
• Beberapa napas dalam-dalam
• Aktivitas fisik
• Pembicaraan Pep
• Jangan meniru orang lain; jadilah diri
sendiri
 Build Listener Rapport
• Consider yourself honored by being
asked to address an audience & say so
• Give your listeners sincere appreciation
• Mention the names of some listeners
• Play yourself down – not up
• Say “we” – not “you”
• Don’t talk with “a scowling face & an
upbraiding voice”
 Bangun Hubungan Pendengar

• Anggap diri Anda terhormat dengan diminta

untuk berbicara kepada audiens & katakan
begitu
• Berikan penghargaan yang tulus kepada
pendengar Anda
• Sebutkan nama beberapa pendengar
• Mainkan diri Anda ke bawah – bukan ke atas
• Katakan "kami" - bukan "kamu"
• Jangan berbicara dengan "wajah cemberut &
suara yang menghina"
 Build Listener Rapport
• Talk in terms of your listeners’ interest
• Have a good time making your talks
• Don’t apologize
• Welcome criticism – instead of resenting
it
• Appeal to the nobler emotions of your
audience
• Be a good person skilled in speaking
 Bangun Hubungan Pendengar

• Bicaralah sesuai minat pendengar Anda

• Bersenang-senang membuat pembicaraan
Anda
• Jangan minta maaf
• Terima kritik – alih-alih membencinya
• Tarik emosi audiens Anda yang lebih mulia
• Jadilah orang baik yang terampil dalam
berbicara
 Struktur Dasar Presentasi
• Pembukaan
• Pesan
• Bukti
• Kesimpulan
 The Basic Structure of
a Presentation
• Opening
• Message
• Evidence
• Conclusion
Pedoman Presentasi
 Pedoman Presentasi
Menyampaikan presentasi Anda secara
efektif melibatkan penggunaan proses
4P yang telah terbukti: Rencanakan,
Persiapkan, Praktekkan, dan
Presentasikan. Ikuti panduan ini dan
Anda dan pesan Anda akan berdampak
besar pada audiens Anda.
 Presentation Guideline
Delivering your presentations effectively
involves using a proven 4P’s process:
Plan, Prepare, Practice, and Present.
Follow these guidelines and you and
your message will have high impact on
your audiences.
 Rencana
• Deskripsikan audiens Anda
– Pengetahuan
– Keahlian
– Pengalaman
– Kebutuhan
– ingin
– Sasaran
 Plan
• Describe your audience
– Knowledge
– Expertise
– Experience
– Needs
– Wants
– Goals
 Plan
Type of audience:
– Learner
– Vacationer
– Hostage
– Terrorist
 Rencana
Jenis audiens:
• Pelajar
• Wisatawan
• Sandera
• Teroris
 Plan (cont’d)
• Define the purpose of your talk based on
the outcome you seek with your audience
– Inform
– Convince
– Motivate to action/change TIP
– Sell Identify and organize your
key points
– Teach
– Train
 Prepare
• Establish a positive Mind-Set
– Value your message.
– Visualize your audience responding.
– Visualize yourself succeeding.
– Give yourself pep talks.
 Prepare (cont’d)
• Prepare an attention-getting opening
– Use a question related to audience need.
– Pay a sincere compliment.
– Relate a relevant incident.
 Prepare (cont’d)
• Illustrate and support Key Points
– Demonstrations
– Examples
– Facts
– Exhibits TIP
Provides evidence to
– Analogies DEFEATS doubts

– Testimonials
– Statistics
 Prepare (cont’d)
• Prepare a memorable closing
– Dramatize your ideas.
– Throw down a challenge.
– Use a motivating statement.
– Restate the key benefit.
– Deliver a convincing summary.
 Practice

’
The so called 3E s are
prime determinants to a
successful presentations.
 Practice (cont’d)
• Build your confidence and effectiveness
by establishing for yourself
– Why you have earned the right to deliver
this talk.
– Why you are excited about the subject.
– Why you are eager to share with your
audience.
 Practice (cont’d)
• Practice your presentation and review
your visuals for
– Clarity
– Relevancy
– Eye-appeal
– Visibility
– Quality
– Memorability
 Practice (cont’d)
• Practice your presentation before an
audience, coach, video camera.
Receive feedback and coaching on
– Strong opening.
– Clear key points.
– Logical flow.
– Credible evidence.
and...
 Practice (cont’d)
• Also receive feedback and coaching on
– Memorable close.
– Clarity of message.
– Results achieved.
TIP
– Identifying distracting
Practice
mannerisms.
makes
perfect
 Present
• Assume the attitude of a PRO in
delivering presentations
–Privilege
–Responsibility
–Opportunity
 Present (cont’d)
• Rely on the fundamentals
• Make a positive first impression
• Build rapport with the audience
• Hold the attention of the audience
• Strive for continuous improvement
 Present (cont’d)
• Rely on the fundamentals
– Know your materials so well, you feel
you own it.
– Feel positive about your subject.
– Project to your audience the value of
your message.
 Present (cont’d)
• Make a positive first impression:
– Establish eye-contact.
– Display poised, confident body language.
– Be relaxed.
– Be well groomed.
 Present (cont’d)
• Build rapport with the audience:
– Give your listeners sincere appreciation.
– Mention the names of some listener.
– Play yourself down – not up
– Say “we” not “you”
– Talk in terms of your audience’s interest.
– Involve your audience.
 Present (cont’d)
• Hold the attention of the audience:
– Be enthusiastic.
– Use vivid words.
– Express yourself clearly TIP
and concisely. Close your presentation to
– Tell a story. make a favorable, lasting
impression
– Have proper body animation.
– Have an upbeat voice.
 Present (cont’d)
• Strive for continuous improvement:
– Measure the success of your talk.
– Identify the strengths as well as
areas to improve.
– Decide how you will TIP
improve the next talk. Remember to PLAN /
PREPARE / PRACTICE /
PRESENT
 Slide formats
• 8x8 rule
– text max. 8 rows, each row contains max. 8 words
• 10” rule
– visuals must be understood within 10 seconds
• Spelling
– make sure to spell correctly, eye distracted by
mistakes/mistyping
– audience may miss the messages
 Slide formats (cont')
• Font size
– 24 is minimum
– 36 is recommended

–44 better for title & 54 IMPACT

• Make data visual
– graphics is better than words
• Vertical v.s. horizontal
– landscape is recommended
 Slide Formats (cont’d)
• Text & background
– light background with dark text or vise versa
• Avoid using all capital letters (o.k. for title)
• Font style/type
– avoid to use too many style variation
– arial, tahoma or impact are most recommended
• Animation
– keep consistent, wipe up/right recommended
 Light
backgrounds
with dark text
make reading
easier
 Light
backgrounds
with dark text
make reading
easier
 Dark
backgrounds
with bright text
make reading
easier
 Dark
backgrounds
with bright text
make reading
easier
 The Use of Colors
• “Colour blindness” is caused by a lack of
perceptual sensitivity to certain colours.
• In our eyes there are three colour
receptors, red, green and blue. As
well as black & white receptors.
(which are more sensitive
white than the colour
receptors)
 The Use of Colors
• “Colour blindness” comes as a result of a lack
of one/more of the colour receptors.
• The most common colour perception defects
are for red or green or both.
• Second most common is blue
• 10% of men suffer from colour perception
defect, very rare in women.
• A simple test………….
WHAT NUMBER DO YOU SEE?
WHAT NUMBER DO YOU SEE?
WHAT NUMBER DO YOU SEE?
WHAT NUMBER DO YOU SEE?
WHAT NUMBER DO YOU SEE?
WHAT NUMBER DO YOU SEE?
 The Use of Colours

When preparing a presentation always

remember that what you can see clearly
on your computer screen, will look very
different when seen through projector!!
 Question & Answer
• Setting time limit
• Encourage audience interaction
• Clarifies your message
• Reinforce your key points
• Get resistance out in the open
• Offer opportunities to add more evidence
• What if no one has a question?
 Handling Questions
• Listen carefully
• Rephrase the question
• Check
• Answer the question
• Re-check
 The use of Exhibit
• Raise the exhibit high enough so it can
be seen clearly by the audience
• Do not block the presenter’s face
• Avoid talking to the exhibit
• Relax and return the exhibit after being
shown
 Dress Code
• One level above the audiences is
recommended
• Light color shirt (light blue or white is
recommended)
• Use classic, dark color neck-tie if
necessary (avoid eye catching neck-tie)
 Objective
• After this session participants will
have substantial improvement and
gain confident on presentation
skills to become an effective
presenter.