The

Human
Brain
MAIN COMPONENTS OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

The brain and spinal cord are your body's

central nervous system.
The brain is the command center for your
body
The spinal cord is the pathway for
messages sent by the brain to the
body and from the body to the brain.
 THE SPINAL CORD
The spinal cord connects your brain to your lower back.

*Your spinal cord carries nerve signals from your brain to your body
and vice versa.
*These nerve signals help you feel sensations and move your body. Any
damage to your spinal cord can affect your movement or function.
*Your spine, or backbone, is your body's central support structure.
*It connects different parts of your musculoskeletal system.
*Your spine helps you sit, stand, walk, twist and bend.
*Back injuries, spinal cord conditions and other problems can damage
the spine and cause back pain.
3 PARTS OF THE HUMAN BRAIN
The cerebellum sits at the back of your head, under the
cerebrum. It controls coordination and balance.
The brain stem sits beneath your cerebrum in front of
your cerebellum. It connects the brain to the spinal cord
and controls automatic functions such as breathing,
digestion, heart rate and blood pressure.
The cerebrum sits in the upper part of your brain.
It interprets sights, sounds and touches. It also
regulates emotions, reasoning and learning. It makes
up about 80% of your brain.
Parts of Cerebrum
•The two hemispheres of your brain also
have five main lobes each:

• Frontal lobe (at the front of your head)

• Parietal lobe (at the top of your head)
• Temporal lobe (at the side of your
head)
• Insular lobe (deep inside of your brain,
underneath your frontal, parietal and
temporal lobes
• Occipital lobe (at the back of your
head).
Frontal lobes: The frontal lobes are in the front part of your brain, right behind your
forehead. This is the largest lobe and it controls voluntary movement, speech and
intellect. The parts of your frontal lobes that control movement are called the primary
motor cortex or precentral gyrus. The parts of your brain that play an important role in
memory, intelligence and personality include your prefrontal cortex as well as many
other regions of your brain.

Occipital lobes: These lobes in the back of your brain allow you to notice and interpret
visual information. Your occipital lobes control how you process shapes, colors and
movement.

Parietal lobes: The parietal lobes are near the center of your brain. They receive and
interpret signals from other parts of your brain. This part of your brain integrates many
sensory inputs so that you can understand your environment and the state of your
body. This part of your brain helps give meaning to what's going on in your
environment.
Temporal lobes: These parts of the brain are near your ears on
each side of your brain. The temporal lobes are important in being
able to recall words or places that you've been. It also helps you
recognize people, understand language and interpret other
people’s emotions.

Insular lobes: The insular lobes sit deep in the temporal, parietal
and frontal lobes. The insular lobe is involved in the processing of
many sensory inputs including sensory and motor inputs,
autonomic inputs, pain perception, perceiving what is heard and
overall body perception (the perception of your environment).
 Cerebrum and
Cerebellum
•The significant difference
between cerebellum and
cerebrum is their size.
•The cerebrum is the largest
part of the brain, and it
contributes nearly 80% of the
total weight of the human
brain.
•The cerebellum makes up the
remaining part of the brain. The
cerebrum controls voluntary
movement, intelligence and
memory.
 Functions of cerebellum
The cerebellum controls voluntary movements such as:

 walking
 posture
 balance
 coordination
 eye movements
 speech
 3 PARTS OF BRAIN STEM
Midbrain: The top part of the brainstem is crucial for
regulating eye movements.

Pons: The middle portion of the brainstem

coordinates facial movements, hearing and balance.

Medulla oblongata: The bottom part of the

brainstem helps regulate your breathing, heart
rhythms, blood pressure and swallowing.