ANATOMY OF CHEST

CAVITY
BY DR SYEDA RAHIMA BOKHARI
OBJECTIVES
• We will discuss about anatomy of:
• Thoracic wall
• Mediastenum
 CHEST CAVITY
• The chest cavity is bounded by the chest wall on each side and below
by the diaphragm.
• It extends upward into the root of the neck about one fingerbreadth
above the clavicle on each side
• The chest cavity can be divided into a median partition, called the
mediastinum, and the laterally placed pleurae and lungs
STRUCTURE OF THORACIC WALL
STRENUM
RIBS
COSTAL CARTILAGES
MUSCLES OF THORACIC WALL
MUSCLES OF THORACIC WALL
ARTERIAL BLOOD SUPPLY TO THORACIC WALL
ARTERIAL BLOOD SUPPLY TO THORACIC WALL
VENOUS DRAINAGE OF THORACIC WALL
NERVES OF THORACIC WALL
SUPRAPLEURAL MEMBRANE
ENDOTHORACIC FASCIA
MEDIASTINUM
• The mediastinum is a partition between the two pleural cavities and
two lungs.
• It extends:
Superiorly to the thoracic outlet and the root of the neck
Inferiorly to the diaphragm.
Anteriorly to the sternum
Posteriorly to the vertebral column
 Superior Mediastinum
Content
• Muscles: • Thoracic Duct
Sternohyoid
• Lymph Nodes
Sternothyroid  Brachiocephalic,
Longus colli  Tracheobronchial
• Thymus: (in childhood & Cardiac & puberty)
• Veins:
 SVC
Lt & Rt brachiocephalic veins
Lt Sup Intercostal Veins
 Cont…
• Arteries:
Arch of Aorta
Brachiocepalic artery
Lt Common carotid
 Lt subclavian artery
• Trachea & Esophagus
• Nerves:
Vagus
Phrenic
 Lt recurrent laryngeal nerve (b/w trachea & oesophagus)
 Anterior Mediastinum
Boundaries
• Ant: Body of sternum
• Post: Pericardium
• Sides: Mediastinal pleura
• Sup: Imaginary plane
• Inf: Diaphragm
Contents
• Thymus (in children)
• Sternopericardial lig.
• Internal thoracic artery & branches
• Lymphatics & Lymph nodes
 Middle Mediastinum
Contents:
• Heart enclosed in pericardium
• Arteries: Ascending Aorta,
• Pulmonary trunk with its Lt & Rt branches
• Veins: SVC, Termination of Azygos, Pulmonary veins
• Nerves: Phrenic, Deep cardiac plexus
• Bifurcation of Trachea with two principal bronchi
• Tracheobronchial lymph nodes
 Posterior Mediastinum
• Boundaries:
• Ant. Pericardium, Bifurcation of trachea
• Post. T5 to T12
• sup. Transverse thor plane
• Inf. diaphragm
• Sides: Mediastinal pleura
 Posterior Mediastinum
Contents:
• Oesophagus
• Arteries
 Descending Aorta with its brs
• Veins
Azygos
Hemizygos
Accessory hemizygos
• Nerves:
Vagus
Splanchnic nerves
• Thoracic duct
• Lymph nodes
• Posterior mediastinal