Bambilla Powerpoint Lesson5

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
MARIKINA POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

Chanyungco, St. Sta. Elena, Marikina City
PRAYER
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WELCOME
BACK!
BIT 2-I (A) and
(B)
M5 - TECHNIQUES AND METHODS IN ELECTRICAL
EQUIPMENTS AND MAINTENANCE
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ROSALINDA BAMBILLA
FS2 STUDENT TEACHER
ATTEND
ANCE
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REC
AP!
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“GUESS THE
LETTER
USING
EMOJI”
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A B C D E F EXAMPLE
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ANSWER
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P O L A R I T Y
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES
💡 Recognize the importance of a
transformer in electrical power systems;
💡 Select the appropriate type of transformer
for specific use;
💡 Categorize the transformer according to
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its design;
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
💡 Test the terminals of the transformer to
determine its polarity;
💡 Develop a maintenance schedule for the
transformer; and
💡 Follow safety procedure testing of
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equipment.
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LESSON 5:
POWER
TRANSF
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ORMER
There are two primary types of transformers

that are defined by the insulation used
within the enclosure: dry-type and liquid-
filled.
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Dry-type Liquid or Oil Filled

Transformer Categories
A and Type
transformer is an electromagnetic device in
electrical and electronics, discovered by Michael
Faraday. Different types of transformers have
different construction methods, but all follow the
basic principle of electromagnetism.
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TYPES OF
TRANSFORMER
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Transformer
Categories
Step-Down Transformer
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STEP-DOWN
TRANSFORMER
A step-down transformer is a
device used in both electronics and
electrical domains to convert primary
voltage levels to lower voltages across
the secondary output, achieved by
maintaining a higher winding ratio of
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primary and secondary windings.

Transformer
Categories
Step-Up Transformer
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STEP-UP
A
TRANSFORMER
step-up transformer
increases low primary voltage to high
secondary voltage by maintaining a
ratio of primary and secondary
windings. It is commonly used in
electronics for stabilizers and
inverters, and in electrical power
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distribution to step up voltage levels

before distribution.
Transformer
Categories
Isolation Transformer
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ISOLATION
same primary andTRANSFORMER
An isolation transformer maintains the
secondary voltage
levels due to a constant winding ratio. It
serves as an isolation barrier, preventing
electrical connections between the two,
and is used for safety and noise
cancellation, ensuring no electrical
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connections between the two.

Transformer Types based on

Core material
Transformers transfer energy through
electromagnetic flux through core materials, with
different core materials producing varying flux
densities, influencing power and electronics domain
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applications.

Core material
Iron Core Transformer
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IRON CORE
The iron
TRANSFORMER
core transformer utilizes
multiple soft iron plates due to its
excellent magnetic properties, resulting in
high flux linkage and high efficiency.
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Core material
Ferrite Core Transformer
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FERRITE CORE
TRANSFORMER
A ferrite core transformer uses a ferrite
core due to high magnetic permeability.
This type of transformer offers very low
losses in the high-frequency application.
Due to this, ferrite core transformers are
used in high-frequency applications such
as in switch mode power supply (SMPS),
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RF related applications.

Core material
Toroidal Core Transformer
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TOROIDAL CORE
Toroidal coreTRANSFORMER
transformers use toroid-
shaped core materials like iron or ferrite,
offering superior electrical performance
due to low leakage inductance and high
inductance and Q factors. They have short
windings and lower weight compared to
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traditional transformers.

Core material
Air Core transformer
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TOROIDAL CORE
TRANSFORMER
In air core transformer, the primary coil is
supplied with alternating current which
produces an electromagnetic field around it.
When a secondary coil is placed inside the
magnetic field, as per the Faraday law of
induction, the secondary coil is induced with
a magnetic field which further is used to
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power the load.

Transformer Types based

on Winding Arrangement
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Auto Winding
transformer
Till now, the primary and secondary winding
is fixed but in case of an auto-winding
transformer, the primary and the secondary
coil can be connected in series and the
center tapped node is movable. Depending
on the center tapped position, the secondary
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voltage can be varied.

Types of Transformers
based on Usage
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based on Usage
Power Domain
Transformers are crucial in the Power domain, ensuring
safe power conversion and successful delivery to substations and
end users, primarily used outdoors.
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based on Usage
Power Transformer
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Power
Power Transformers areTransformer
larger in size and
used to transfer the energy to the
substation or the public electricity supply.
This transformer acts as a bridge between
the power generator and the primary
distribution grid.
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based on Usage
Measurement Transformer
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Measurement
A measurement Transformer
transformer, also known
as an instrument transformer, is a power
domain measurement instrument used to
isolate main power and convert current
and voltage to its secondary output,
enabling the measurement of Phase,
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Current, and Voltage.

based on Usage
Distribution Transformer
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Distribution Transformer
This is used in the last phase of the power
distribution system. Distribution
transformers are step down transformer,
which converts High grid voltage to the
end customer required voltage, 110V or
230V. It can also be single phase or three
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phases.
based on Usage
Audio Output Transformer
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Audio Output
The Audio Transformer
Transformer is a common
transformer in electronics, primarily used
in audio-related applications for
impedance matching. It balances
amplifier circuits and loads, typically a
loudspeaker, and can have multiple
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primary and secondary coils.

Transformer Polarity,
Terminal Markings, and
Connections
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Transformer Polarity,
Terminal Markings, and

Connections
POLARITY TEST OF TRANSFORMER
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POLARITY TEST OF
Polarity TRANSFORMER
refers to the direction of
induced voltages in a transformer's
primary and secondary windings. It
is crucial to know polarity when
connecting parallel transformers, as
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there are two types: Additive and

Subtractive.
Two types of Polarity

Additive Polarity: In additive Subtractive Polarity: In
polarity, the same terminals subtractive polarity, different
of the primary and the terminals of the primary and
secondary windings of the secondary side of the
transformer are connected transformer is connected.
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STEPS TO PERFORM
Step 1: Connect thePOLARITY
circuit as shown TEST
in the above circuit
diagram figure and set the autotransformer to zero
position.
Step 2: Switch on the single-phase supply
Step 3: Record the values of the voltages as shown by
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the voltmeter V1, V2 and V3

STEPS TO PERFORM
Step 4: If the POLARITY
reading of theTEST
V3 shows the
addition of the value of V1 and V2 that is V2 =
V1+V2 the transformer is said to be connected in
additive polarity.
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STEPS TO PERFORM
POLARITY
Step 5: If the reading TEST
of the V3 is the subtraction of the
readings of V1 and V2, then the transformer is said to be
connected in subtractive or negative polarity
understanding polarity. Polarity is very important for the
operation of transformers and protection equipment.
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Transformer polarity
The polarity indications for transformers are well
established by standards that apply to all types of
transformers. There are two varieties of polarity:
subtractive and additive. Both follow the same rules.
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Preventive
Maintenance of
A power Transformers
transformer is a crucial electrical
substation equipment, requiring routine maintenance to
ensure high performance and long functional life. There
are two main types: preventative maintenance,
performed routinely, and ad-hoc maintenance, performed
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as needed to maintain its parameters.

Preventive Maintenance of
Transformers
Monthly Basis Maintenance of Transformer
The oil level in oil cap under silica gel breather

must be checked in a one-month interval. If it is found
the transformer oil inside the cup comes below the
specified level, oil to be top up as per specified level.
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Transformers
Daily Basis Maintenance and Checking
There are three main things which to be checked
on a power transformer on a daily basis: Reading of
MOG (Magnetic Oil Gauge) of main tank and
conservator tank. Color of silica gel in breather. And
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Leakage of oil from any point of a transformer.

Transformers
Yearly Basis Transformer Maintenance
ScheduleThe auto, remote, manual function of cooling
system that means, oil pumps, air fans, and other items
engaged in cooling system of transformer, along with
their control circuit to be checked in the interval of one
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year.
Preventive Maintenance
of Transformers
The Action to be taken once in 2 years:
- The calibration of OTI and WTI must be carried once
in two years.
- Tan & delta; measurement of bushings of transformer
also to be done once in two years.
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Transformers
Maintenance of Transformer on Half Yearly
Basis
The transformer oil must be checked half yearly
basis that means once in 6 months, for dielectric
strength, water content, acidity, sludge content, flash
point, DDA, IFT, resistivity for transformer oil.
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Preventive Maintenance
of Transformers
Maintenance of Transformer on Half Yearly
Basis
The transformer oil must be checked half yearly
basis that means once in 6 months, for dielectric strength,
water content, acidity, sludge content, flash point, DDA,
IFT, resistivity for transformer oil.
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ANY
QUESTION?
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THANK YOU!
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REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

MARIKINA POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

There are two primary types of transformers

Dry-type Liquid or Oil Filled

primary and secondary windings.

distribution to step up voltage levels

connections between the two.

Transformer Types based on

Transformer Types based on

Transformer Types based on

Transformer Types based on

Transformer Types based on

power the load.

Transformer Types based

voltage can be varied.

Current, and Voltage.

primary and secondary coils.

Terminal Markings, and

there are two types: Additive and

Two types of Polarity

the voltmeter V1, V2 and V3

as needed to maintain its parameters.

The oil level in oil cap under silica gel breather

Leakage of oil from any point of a transformer.

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