GUESS THE

TOPIC
PHARMACEUTICAL WASTE DISPOSAL

PRESENTED BY :
ABINAYA.S
DEVIKA
SRIDEVI
SHANMUGANATHAN
SUBIKSHA
BPHARM 6th SEMESTER
MTPG&RIHS
CONTENT

RECORDS
WASTE
MANAGEMENT
METHODS OF STRATEGY
WASTE
DISPOSAL
TYPES OF
PHARMACEUTICAL
WASTE
DEFINITION
 DEFINITION

Pharmaceutical wastes include

medicinal ,biological products
that are expired, damaged ,
incompletely used, spilled,
rejected medicinal products
and recalled medicinal
products.
 HAZARDOUS

TYPES
INERT & CHEMO
WASTE OF NON-HAZARDOUS
WASTE

RADIOHAZARDOUS
& BIOHAZARDOUS
 HAZARDOUS WASTE

P-list
D-list(chemical characteristic)
Acutely toxic items as: Contain the following characteristics :

Nicotine Ignitability

Corrosivity
U-list
Reactivity
Toxic items as:
Toxicity
Phenol

chloralhydrate
B. Non-Hazardous wastes

They pose no health threats

Their hazardous components

don’t exceed the threshold

Inert substances as sodium

chloride and dextrose solutions
C .Chemotherapy
wastes
• Items that should be
managed as trace
1.Trace chemotherapy wastes
chemotherapy include:
wastes • Empty ampoules,IV bags
and syringes
2.Bulk • Materials used for cleaning
chemotherapy and decontamination
wastes • Safety cabinets and glove
boxes
BIOHAZARDOU RADIOACTIVE
S WASTE WASTE

Waste includes High level nuclear

needles, syringes, waste- reactor fuel
pipettes, vials that may assemblies , solid and
have come in contact liquid waste from fluid
with body fluids reprocessing

Container must be
Low level nuclear
clearly labeled with
waste-that contains
biomedical or
radioactive nuclides
infectious waste.
emitting beta or
Stored in rigid plastic
gamma radiation
container.
 PROCEDURE

Segregation at source

Transportation to collection
source

Transportation to disposal site

Disposal methods
 Segregation at the source

Packaging • Secondary packaging

materials • Contaminated packaging

Hazardous • Labeled: Hazardous

waste pharmaceutical waste.

Non-hazardous • Labeled :non-hazardous waste

waste :solid waste/liquid waste
Transportation to the collection store

This involves storage

before disposal.

Filling a waste
generation report.
Transportation to disposal site

The final step prior to

disposal.

Waste bags should be

sealed and intact.
 Incineration
Sewer
treatment Chemical
disinfection

Inertization
Methods of
waste Microwaving
disposal

Immobilisation

Autoclaving

Deep burial Secure land

filling
 INCINERATION

Specifications of incinerators include :

Types Rotary kiln incinerator

• Number of chamber • Two chambers
• Minimum • 1100 degrees celsius
temperature • Depends on the
• Capacity range generated waste
 CHEMICAL DISINFECTION

Treating waste materials with chemicals that

will inactivate the chemicals or biological
materials present in the liquid waste.

Effectiveness of the process depends on the

type of chemicals used, its concentration, and
nature of contact between disinfectant
materials and waste.
 MICROWAVING
Includes the use of microwave radiation and
destroy the infectious materials in the
biological waste.

Electricity requirement is less and steam is

not needed.

Waste materials required to be shredded

prior to microwaving in order to allow the
radiation to come into contact with the
waste material.
MICROWAVING
 AUTOCLAVING
Saturated steam is passed through the waste in the autoclave
for a duration and at a temperature sufficient to destroy the
pathogens.
• Commonly used for biomedical waste disposal and waste
generated from the microbiological testing laboratory.

After autoclaving ,the waste is disposed by land filling.

• Not best for chemical and drug product waste.

AUTOCLAVES
 WASTE IMMOBILISATION ENCAPSULATION

The drums are

sealed by spot
They are filled welding.
to 75%
Drums should capacity with
be cleaned solid and
Encapsulation prior to use semisolid
involves and should not pharmaceutica
immobilizing have ls.the
pharmaceutica contained remaining
ls in a solid explosive or space is filled
block within a hazardous with cement,
plastic or steel materials lime, plastic.
drum. previously.
Waste immobilisation
encapsulation
 SECURE LAND
FILLING

Waste are
If not properly Landfill may lead
disposed by
designed and to leaching into
burying in
operated the ground water
landfills

Also gas Produced by

For the removal
extraction anaerobic
of CO2 and
systems must be breakdown of
methane
available waste
 WASTE IMMOBILISATION INERTIZATION

Most recommended

Involves mixing of waste with a

mixture of water ,lime ,and
cement.

Transported in liquid state and

poured into municipal waste.
 DEEP BURIAL
Waste is buried in deep pits that are at least 2 metres deep.

• The soil is impermeable in these areas and that there are

no shallow wells in area to avoid the risk of water
contamination.
Half the pit is covered with the biomedical waste and rest is
filled with lime , stopping 50cm below ground surface.
• Final layer of the pit is made up of soil to cover the waste.

Such burial should be done in area not prone to flooding.

 SEWER TREATMENT

Some liquid pharmaceuticals can be

diluted with water and flushed into
sewers in small quantities without
serious public health or
environmental affect
WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY

WASTE MINIMIZATION

REUSE

RECYCLING

ENERGY RECOVERY
 WASTE MINIMIZATION

Prevention of waste materials from being created – waste reduction

Methods of avoidance include reuses of second –hand products

Repairing broken items instead of buying new

Designing products to be refillable or reusable

Develop a detailed organisation’s approach to identifying

drugs that must be managed as hazardous waste.

Training the staff about minimizing wastage.

 REUSE

Use of a product on Avoids discarding a

more than one material to waste
Eg : returnable
occasion ,either for stream when its
plastic pellets
same or different initial use has
purpose concluded
RECYCLING

Involves
reprocessing of a
discarded waste
materials to make it
suitable for
subsequent reuse
for other purpose

Recycling
benefits the
In the European
environment by
Union , 13%
reducing the use
waste is recycled.
of virgin
materials
 ENERGY RECOVERY

Energy content of waste products can be harnessed directly by

using them as direct combustion fuel.
• Thermal treatment ranges from using waste as a fuel source
for boilers to generate steam and electricity.

Waste materials are heated to high temperatures with limited

oxygen availability.
 WHO GUIDELINES

• Provision should be made for proper and safe storage of

waste materials awaiting disposal .
• Toxic substance and flammables materials should be stored
in suitably designed, separate , enclosed cupboards as
required national legislation.
• Waste materials should not be allowed to accumulate .
• It should be collected in suitable hollow object for removal
from collection points outside the building and disposal of
safely and in a sanitary manner at regular and frequent
interval.
 RECORDS

Keep it for at least 3 years for following :

• License applications
• Licenses
• Land disposal restriction forms
• Inspection logs
• Recycled waste shipping papers
• Emergency response record
• Analytical reports
• All data used in evaluations
• Training documents
THANK YOU !