SOLID WASTE

MANAGEMEN
T
LECTURE 9
 WHAT IS SOLID WASTE?

• It is defined as non liquid, non-soluble materials ranging

from municipal garbage to industrial wastes that contain

complex & sometimes hazardous substances.

• It is estimated that 60 million tons of solid wastes are

generated every year in Egypt.

 TYPES OF SOLID WASTE

• AGRICULTURAL WASTE
 Agricultural waste:
AGRICULTURAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
BIOMASS PYROLYSIS
BIOMASS PYROLYSIS
• MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
More commonly known as trash or garbage—consists of
everyday items we use and then throw away.
Residences and homes where people live are some of the
major sources of solid waste. Garbage from these places
include food wastes, plastics, paper, glass, leather,
cardboard, metals, yard wastes, ashes and special wastes
like bulky household items like electronics, tires,
batteries, old mattresses and used oil.
Most homes have garbage bins where they can throw away
their solid wastes in and later the bin is emptied by a garbage
collecting firm or person for treatment.
It is better to be separated from the very beginning.
ORGANIC WASTE COMPOSTING
 RECYCLING
• LIKE PAPER OR GLASS OR PLASTIC RECYCLING.
PLASTIC PYROLYSIS
• HOSPITALS SOLID WASTE:
- It is considered hazardous as they may contain toxic substances.
- It may includes wastes like sharp waste, pathological waste,
pharmaceutical waste, chemical waste, an radioactive waste etc.
Hospitals should be aware and follow biomedical waste management
& handling rules.
• HAZARDOUS WASTE:
- Could be highly toxic to humans,
animals and plants.
- They may be: radioactive or corrosive
or highly flammable or explosive
- Direct exposure to chemicals in
hazardous waste such as mercury and
cyanide can be fatal.
 INCINERATION
• It is a disposal method in which solid hazardous wastes are subjected
to combustion so as to convert them into:

 Residue- ash (can be landfilled later)

 Gaseous products

(special filters should be used)

• This process reduces the volumes of solid

waste to 20-30% of the original volume.

• Also described as thermal treatment

• Usually for hospital wastes.

INCINERATION
• INDUSTRIAL WASTE:

This include dirt, scrap metal, oil, solvents, chemicals, damaged raw materials,

defected products, packages.

They are usually inorganic waste, so they are not degradable.

• SEWAGE TREATMENT RESIDUE
Sludge resulting from sewage water treatment is considered a solid
waste, full of suspended solids and organics.
• CONSTRUCTION WASTE:

This include dirt and gravel, construction waste and concrete, scrap metal, oil,

solvents, chemicals, damaged raw materials, defected products, packages.

They are usually inorganic waste, so they are not degradable.

SOLID WASTE IN EGYPT
 EFFECTS OF SOLID WASTE
HEALTH HAZARD:
- If solid waste are not collected and allowed to accumulate , they may create
unsanitary conditions.
- This may lead to epidemic outbreaks, many diseases like cholera may spread and
cause loss of human lives.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
- If the solid wastes are not treated properly decomposition may take place .
- The organic solid waste during decomposition may generate intolerable odour.
SOLID WASTE TREATMENT
STEPS OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Onsite Treatme
Storage Collection
nt
 Onsite Storage

It involves individual family members, households and communities,

all of whom need to know how to handle waste properly at this level.
‘Handling’ means the separation of wastes into their different types so
they can be dealt with in the most appropriate way. The benefits of
appropriate onsite handling include reducing the volume of waste for
final disposal and recovering usable materials.
 Collection

Waste is collected and held at central transfer stations where waste is

stored before it is transported to a final disposal site.
 Treatment

The characteristics of waste will determine the choice of possible

treatment methods. Therefore, it is important to be able to classify solid
waste according to its characteristics which are:
• Waste quantity
• Waste composition
• Moisture content
Treatment

Disposal in open areas

The worst solution ever

Treatment Dumping.
Methods
Sanitary Landfill

Incineration

Composting

Recycling
DUMPING IN OCEANS
(UNDER CONTROL)
SANITARY LANDFILL
THANK YOU