Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Dr Jincy Agnal
Senior Resident
Dept of Community Medicine
Govt Medical College
Thiruvananthapuram
Contents
Waste
Classification
Sources
Magnitude of the problem
Public health importance of waste management
Ideal waste management system
Present status of waste management in India
Integrated solid waste management
Contents
Waste includes all items that people no longer have any use
for, which they either intend to get rid of or have already
discarded. (European Topic Centre on Sustainable
Consumption and Production)**
Solid waste
Liquid waste
Gaseous waste
On the basis of Bio-degradability
Biodegradable wastes
Non–Biodegradable wastes
On basis on effects on human health
Hazardous waste
Non – hazardous waste
Sources
Residential
Commercial
Institutional
Industrial
Municipal Solid Waste
(Construction and Demolition)
Treatment Facilities
Agricultural
Solid waste
1. Life-cycle based
2. Generation based
3. Management based
1. Lifecycle-based Integrated
Solid Waste Management
On-site disposal
Composting
Incineration
Open dumps
Sanitary landfills
E waste
For example, Cathode Ray Tubes (CRTs) contain heavy metals such as
Lead, Barium and Cadmium, which can damage human nervous and
respiratory system if they enter the water system.
Effects of E-waste
34
E-waste Management
Dismantling.
Pulverization/ Hammering.
Shredding.
Density separation.
Hazardous waste
Storage
Waste should be segregated and stored according to compatibility
Make sure container are secure and check for leaks in storage area
Treatment
Physical - Screening, sedimentation, centrifugation, floatation, adsorption
Chemical -Neutralization, precipitation, oxidation and reduction.
Biological - Different types of microorganisms
Pseudomonas bacteria – benzene, phenol ,cresol.
Disposal
Incineration - able to achieve 99.99% destruction &
removal efficiency of hazardous components in waste.
Land disposal, underground disposal & deep well
injection
sal Convention
An international treaty
Reduce the movement of hazardous waste between nations, and specifically
to prevent transfer of hazardous waste from developed to less developed
countries.
Developed Developing
45
BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
BIOMEDICAL WASTE
Sewage
Sullage
Industrial waste
Runoff
Sewage
Basic requirements
Surface water must not be contaminated.
There should be no contamination of groundwater that
may, in turn, contaminate springs or wells.
Excreta should not be accessible to flies or other
animals.
There should be no handling of excreta; where this is unavoidable, it
should be kept to a minimum.
There should be no odours or unsightly conditions.
The method used should be simple and inexpensive in construction and
operation.
The method should last for at least five years to be cost-effective.
Sullage
Three stages
Physical
Chemical
Biological
PRE-TREATMENT:
Pre-treatment removes materials that can be easily
collected from the raw waste water before they damage
or clog the pumps and skimmers of primary treatment
clarifiers (trash, tree limbs, leaves, etc.).
Screening and grit removal
Primary treatment
"primary sedimentation tanks.“
Settle sludge while grease and oils rise to the surface and are skimmed
off.
50-70% of solids settle
Biological action
Complex organic simpler substances
Secondary treatment
Degrade the biological content of the sewage
Aerobic biological processes
Secondary treatment systems are classified as fixed-film or suspended-
growth systems.
Fixed film trickling filters and rotating biological contactors
Suspended – growth systems activated sludge
Secondary sedimentation
2-3 hrs
Aerated sludge
Sludge digestion and disposal
As a method of treatment
Fav: temp: and pH – anaerobic auto-digestion
Manure , sea disposal , landfill
Effluent disposal
Chlorination and Dilution, irrigation
Challenges
Absence of segregation of waste at source
Lack of technical expertise and appropriate institutional arrangement
Unwillingness of LSGI to introduce proper collection, segregation,
transportation and treatment/ disposal systems
Lack of Management Information Systems
Lack of planning for waste management
while planning townships
Indifferent attitude of citizens
towards waste management due to
lack of awareness
Lack of awareness creation mechanism
Lack of community participation
towards waste management and
hygienic conditions
Lack of funds with LSGIs
Thank you….
ANY
QUERY
???
Environmental Legislation
The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
The Biomedical Waste (Management & Handling)
Rules, 1998 , 2011
The Municipal Solid Waste (Management &
Handling) Rules, 2000
The Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling)
Rules, 1989
The National Environmental Tribunal Act, 1995
The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,
1981 76
OTHER INITIATIVES BY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Technical Manual on Municipal Solid Waste
Management
Technology Advisory Group on Municipal Solid
Waste Management
Income Tax relief to Waste Management
agencies
Public-Private Partnership in SWM
Capacity Building
Urban Reforms Incentive Fund
Difference between BMW management
rules 1998 and 2011
References