First Aid

The Red Cross’s roots date to 1859,

when businessman Henry Dunant
witnessed the bloody aftermath of
the Battle of Solferino in Italy, in
which there was little medical
support for injured soldiers.
 In 1870, Prussian military surgeon
Friedrich von Esmarch introduced
formalized first aid to the military,
and first coined the term "erste hilfe"
(translating to 'first aid'), including
training for soldiers in the Franco-
Prussian War on care for wounded
comrades.
 Article 12 no.4 of Act No.3815

“any person who, while

performing a lawful act with
due care, causes an injury by
mere accident without fault or
intention of causing it” is
exempt from criminal liability.
 Roles of The First Aider
1. Recognize that there is an
emergency
2. Decide to Act
3. Call Emergency Medical Services
4. Give care until help takes over
5. Provide Reassurance
 Remember: The
first concern of the
First Responder is
his/her safety
Emergency Action Steps

Check
Call
Care
When checking a conscious
person, interview the victim
and the by-standers and
check the person from head
to toe.
Assessing Responsiveness
Is the injured person :

1. A – Alert
2. V – Responsive to voice
3. P - Responsive to pain
4. U - Unresponsive/unconscious
ACTIVATE MEDICAL HELP
Ask someone to call for local
emergency number and get
an automated External
Defibrilator(AED)
Check Airway(blocked or not),
Breathing, and
Circulation(bleeding, shock,
skin color, temperature, and
moisture.
 Questions to ask
1. S – Signs and symptoms
2. A – Allergies
3. M – Medications
4. P – Pertinent past medical history
5. L – Last intake/output
6. E – Events leading up to the
injury or illness
1. If unconscious person is breathing,
maintain face-up/head tilt/chin lift
head position. Patient may be placed
in the recovery or shock position.
2. If unconscious victim has irregular,
gasping, or shallow breaths……BEGIN
CPR!!!!
3. If the victim is bleeding, control
bleeding by applying direct pressure.
Shock is a condition
when you do not have
enough blood
circulating around
your body.
Some of the causes of shock include
uncontrolled bleeding, severe burns
and spinal injury. A drop in blood
pressure reduces the flow of oxygen
and nutrients to a person’s vital organs
such as their brain, heart and lungs. If
the blood flow is not restored, the
person may die from complications
due to lack of oxygen supply to major
organs (hypoxia).
If the person is conscious, lie them
down and keep them warm and
comfortable. Loosen their clothing. If
possible, raise their legs above the level
of their torso and head (to improve
blood flow to the brain, heart and
lungs). Do not raise their legs if you
suspect a spinal injury or if moving
their legs causes pain, such as in the
case of a suspected fracture in their
leg(s).
Manage any obvious signs of external
bleeding. For example, firmly press a clean
cloth or pad against a wound to stop blood
loss. If blood seeps through and soaks the
cloth, do not remove it. Add another cloth
or pad over the top of the first one. If the
second cloth or pad gets soaked, remove
and replace that one with another clean
cloth or pad. Continue maintaining firm
pressure against the wound. Raise the
bleeding injured limb if possible.
Do not give the person
anything to eat or drink,
even if they are very thirsty.
Reassure the person and
encourage them to rest or
stay still. Stay with them
until the ambulance arrives.