Activity 1 - What Am I

Fill up the missing letters to identify a term related to Origins of Evolution.

Definition
1 MY _ _
Refers to ancient story or set of stories, especially
explaining the early history of a group of people.
2
CRE_TIONI_M Held the idea that all forms of life were evolved in their present form by a divine
being, and they
remain unchanged from the beginning.
3 FO_SI_S
Any preserved remains impression or trace of any once-living thing from a past
geological age.
4
CATA_TRO_HISM The doctrine that sudden catastrophes, rather
than continuous change, cause the main features of the Earth's crust

5 UN_FORMI_ARIANISM It is a geological theory that describes the processes shaping the Earth and the
Universe. It states that changes in the Earth's crust throughout history have
resulted from uniform,
continuous functions that are still occurring today.
SCIENCE 10
Quarter 3 Week 6
Evidence of Evolution
Tutor Rainier & Tutor Ichad
Quarter 3 Week 6
Most Essential Learning Competencies

Explain how fossil records,

comparative anatomy, and genetic
information provide evidence for
evolution (S10-LT-IIIf-39)
Quarter 3 Week 6
OBJECTIVES

• Define evolution
• Differentiate the kinds evolutionary
evidences
• Explain the importance of evolution
 What’s In Background

Evolution is not just a matter of change over time.

The central idea of evolution is that life on Earth
shares a mutual ancestor.
The developmental change in common ancestor of life pave
way to the diversity that is documented in the fossil record.
Evolution means that we're all distant cousins: humans and
oak trees, hummingbirds and whales.
 What is It Evidence of Evolution

EVOLUTION

Evolution is not a historical process;

it occurs at this moment. Populations
constantly adapt to variations in their
environment and thereby gather
changes in the genes that are existing Source: https://giphy.com/explore/dwesktop-evolution

to the species through its gene pool.

 What is It Evidence of Evolution

EVOLUTION

The changed in inherited traits over

successive generations in populations
of organism.
This allowed organisms to adapt and
survive in their environment. Source: https://giphy.com/explore/dwesktop-evolution
What is It Evidence of Evolution

Charles Darwin proposed

the idea that all new species
descend from an ancestor.
He performed an exhaustive
amount of research to provide
as much evidence as possible.

Charles Darwin
 What is It Evidence of Evolution

Sources of Evidence for Evolution

Fossil record
Embryological development
Comparative anatomy
Molecular biology
 What is It Evidence of Evolution

Evidence from Fossil Records

Fossils are the remnants of an organism from the

primitive times. Most organisms do not fossilize, and
geological processes usually destroy those that do, or
they never surface for examination. Fossils are generally
formed when an organism is covered by sediments that
then harden into sandstone, slate, mudstone, or flint.
Fossil Identification Based on their Method of Formation

Source: https://www.britannica.com/science/geochronology
IMPRINTS COMPRESSION
What is It Evidence of Evolution
Imprint fossils are created when
an organism creates an imprint in
soil or clay, which is later
mineralized and turned into a
fossil. In this case, it's not the
bones of an animal or the wood
of an ancient tree that's being
fossilized, it's just the imprint of
IMPRINTS those things.
What is It Evidence of Evolution
Compression fossils are a type of
fossil. They are formed due to
the burial of plants or plant parts
in sediments. These buried
fragments are flattened as a
result of compression or due to
overlying pressure coming from
the sediments.
COMPRESSION
HOW CAN A SCIENTIST
DETERMINE THE AGES
OF FOSSILS?
What is It Evidence of Evolution

The method scientists use to

determine the approximate age
of a structure based on its
physical relationship to
surrounding geologic structures.

RELATIVE DATING
 What is It Evidence of Evolution
Some minerals in rocks and
organic matter (e.g., wood,
bones, and shells) can contain
radioactive isotopes. The
abundances of parent and
daughter isotopes in a sample
can be measured and used to
determine their age. This method
RADIOMETRIC DATING is known as radiometric dating.
 What is It Evidence of Evolution

Evidence from Embryology

A study of organism's embryonic progress provides further

clues to its evolutionary past. Scientists proclaimed that
“ontogeny summarizes phylogeny.” Simply means that
if a certain organism undergo its embryonic development
(ontogeny), it duplicates (recapitulates) the stages in its
evolutionary history (phylogeny).
Early Embryonic Stages of the Different Vertebrates
showing Similar Embryonic Structures

Illustrated by: Marcelo John V. Lagonoy

 What is It Evidence of Evolution

Evidence from Comparative Anatomy

Homologous and Analogous Structure

The discipline of comparative anatomy is vital in
understanding relationships among creatures.
Structures are classified to be homologous if they
have similar embryonic origins and analogous if they
are identical only in function.
 What is It Evidence of Evolution

Analogous Structure
Birds' and flies' wings are examples of comparable
structures in which they serve the same function but have
different embryonic origins (one is made of bone and
flesh; the other is mainly composed of non-living chitin).
Analogous Structure of Different Species

Source: https://www.toppr.com/ask/en-bt/question/what-are-analogous-organs-give-any-two-examples/
Analogous Structure of Different Species

Source: https://www.toppr.com/ask/en-bt/question/what-are-analogous-organs-give-any-two-examples/
 What is It Evidence of Evolution

Homologous Structure
Birds' wings and the foreleg of a frog are considered
homologous structures (though limbs have different
functions, their embryonic origins are alike). For some
comparative anatomists, homologous structures are
important because they imply an evolutionary linkage
between two species.
Homologous Structures of Different Species

Source: https://www.sanibelseaschool.org/experience-blog/2020/6/24/homology-and-analogy-a-lesson-in-biology
 What is It Evidence of Evolution

Vestigial Structure
Gradual changes have occurred through time that has, in
some cases, reduced or removed the function of
somebody's organs and structure. Vestigial structures
are structures that have gone their function in the organism
and have become reduced in size (because of efficiency).
Vestigial Structures of Different Species

Illustrated by: Marcelo John V. Lagonoy

Vestigial Structures of HUMAN

Illustrated by: Marcelo John V. Lagonoy

 What is It Evidence of Evolution

Evidence from Genetic information

Small mutations or changes in the DNA eventually

leads to the evolution of new species.
SUMMARY
Evolution - The changed in inherited traits over
successive generations in populations of
organism.
Four evidences:
1.Fossil records
2.Embryological development
3.Comparative anatomy
4.Molecular biology
ACTIVITY #2 TAKE MY
HANDS
Shown below are images of the skeletal assembly of the front
appendages of six animals:, whale, crocodile, cat, bird, human and
bat. Each animal has a similar set of bones. Color code each of the
bones according to this key:

Humerus [blue ]

Ulna [red ]

Radius [green]

Carpals [black]

Metacarpals [orange]

Phalanges [brown]
ACTIVITY #2 TAKE MY
HANDS
For each animal, indicate what type of movement each limb is
responsible for.

Animal Primary Functions

Human
Using tools, picking up and holding objects
Whale
Cat
Bat
Bird
Crocodile
 Assessment
What I Know MULTIPLE CHOICE

Directions: Read each question carefully. Choose

the letter of the correct answer. Use a separate sheet
of paper for your answers or comment it down!

1. A
Add a comment Post
 What
WhatIIKnow
Know QUESTION 1

Vertebrate forelimbs are most likely to be

studied in ___________________.

A Ecology C Biogeography

B Embryology D Comparative anatomy

 What
WhatIIKnow
Know QUESTION 2

All of these are true about fossils EXCEPT?

A They indicate that life has a history.

B They are pieces of evidence of life in the past.

C The older the fossils, the less they resemble modern-day species.

D They look precisely like modern-day species, regardless of their age.

 What
WhatIIKnow
Know QUESTION 3

The criterion used to determine if an organism

is a new species is based on ________.

A time C reproduction
B geography D physical traits
 What
WhatIIKnow
Know QUESTION 1

Where can most fossils be found?

A Black soil C Granite rock

B Lava flows D Sedimentary rock
 What
WhatIIKnow
Know QUESTION 2

The following statements describe

evolution EXCEPT?
A Evolution is continuous.

B Evolution refers to change.

C The world is stable and unchanging.

D The mutation causes evolution only when it becomes heritable.

 What
WhatIIKnow
Know QUESTION 3

The strongest evidence of evolution

from a common ancestor is ________
A similar embryological structures.
B similar DNA sequences.
C similar body structures.
D similar fossils.
Comment your scores!