EVIDENCES OF

EVOLUTION
3RD QUARTER
 EVOLUTION
It is the process by which different
kinds of living organisms are thought
to have developed and diversified
from earlier forms during the history
of the earth.
EVIDENCES OF EVOLUTION
1.Fossil Records
2.Comparative Anatomy
3.Embryonic Development
4.Genetic Information
 FOSSIL RECORDS
History of life as documented by
fossils, the remains or imprints of
organisms from earlier geological
periods preserved in sedimentary
rock.
TYPES OF FOSSILS
1.IMPRESSION
2.COMPRESSION
 IMPRESSION
These are types of fossil records
which are shallow external molds
left by animal or plant tissues with
little or no organic materials
present.
IMPRESSION
 COMPRESSION
A fossil preserved in sedimentary
rock that has undergone physical
compression.
COMPRESSION
 How are the ages of fossil
determined?

1.Relative Dating
- the age of the
rock is compared to
the other rock
layers.
 How are the ages of fossil
determined?
2. Radiometric Dating
- calculates an age in
years for geologic
materials by measuring
the presence of a short-
life radioactive element.
COMPARATIVE ANATOMY
The study of the similarities and
differences in the structure of
different species
COMPARATIVE ANATOMY

TYPES OF STRUCTURE
1. Homologous
structure
2. Analogous structure
3. Vestigial structure
1. HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURE
- body parts of organisms that may
perform different functions but the
same of the origin.
2. ANALOGOUS STRUCTURE
- body parts of organisms that may
perform the same function but are
of the different origins.
3. VESTIGIAL STRUCTURE
- body parts that are useless or left
over from a previous ancestor in
which they where useful.
EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT
Refers to the process by which a
fertilized egg, or zygote, undergoes a
series of highly organized and
coordinated cell divisions and
differentiations to form a multicellular
organism.
 GENETIC INFORMATION
Small mutations or changes in the
DNA eventually lead to the evolution
of a new species.
What is a fossil?
a) Living organism
b) Preserved remains of an
organism
c) A type of rock
d) A type of plant
Which of the following is an
example of homologous
structures?
a) Bat wings and insect wings
b) Bird wings and fish fins
c) Human arms and bat wings
d) Spider legs and bird beaks
What does the term "vestigial
structure" refer to?
a) A structure that has no function
b) A structure that is fully functional
c) A structure that is essential for
survival
d) A newly evolved structure
What is the main concept behind the
study of embryology as evidence of
evolution?
a) Similarities in adult structures
b) Differences in DNA
c) Similarities in early developmental
stages
d) Differences in reproductive behaviors
Which of the following is a
molecular evidence supporting
evolution?
a) Similarities in bone structure
b) Differences in body size
c) Homologous DNA sequences
d) Variations in coloration
What is the main idea behind the
fossil record as evidence for
evolution?
a. Fossils are remnants of ancient
animals only.
b. Fossils show a chronological
sequence of life forms.
c. Fossils are all the same age.
What do homologous structures
suggest about evolutionary
relationships?
a. Similar structures evolve independently
in different species.
b. Structures have no relevance to
evolutionary history.
c. Common ancestry with a shared
evolutionary origin.
What term describes the
process where species
gradually change over time?
a. Revolution
b. Evolution
c. Speciation
END