Biodiversity

and
Evolution
GRADE 10 SCIENCE

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 What
HUHyop
is that
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What HUHyop is that

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What HUHyop is that

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What HUHyop is that

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What HUHyop is that

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What HUHyop is that

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What HUHyop is that

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What HUHyop is that

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What HUHyop is that

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Evidences
of
Evolution
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Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, you
are expected to;
1. Explain how evolution is being
studied from fossil record and
molecular data;
2. Recognize the importance of
understanding the origin of life; and
3. Give examples of evolution
(analogous and homologous) in
organisms. 13
 What is
evolution?
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 What is evolution?
• The change in inherited traits
over successive generations in
populations of organisms.
• This allowed organisms to
adapt and survive in their
environment.

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4 Evidences
of Evolution
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 4 Evidences of
Evolution
1. Fossil records
2. Comparative anatomy
3. Embryonic Development
4. Genetic information
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4 Evidences of Evolution
1. Fossil records
- Traces of organisms that
loved in the past and were
preserved by natural process or
catastrophic events.
- Fossils document the
existence of now-extinct past
species that are related to
present-day species. 18
4 Evidences of Evolution
1. Fossil records
- Usually found and preserved
in sedimentary rocks.

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4 Evidences of Evolution
1. Fossil records
- Usually found and preserved
in sedimentary rocks.

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Types of Fossils

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 Types of Fossils
 Imprints

 Compressions

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 Types of Fossils
 Imprints are shallow eternal molds
left by animal or plant tissues with
little or no organic materials
present.
 formed from an organism moving in
some way, leaving behind a trace or
track

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 Types of Fossils
 Compressions are animal or plant
tissues preserved in sedimentary
rock and is formed with more organic
material.

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How are the
ages of
fossils
determined?
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How are the ages of fossils determined?
1. Relative Dating
 Estimates the time
during which an
organism lived by
comparing the layers
of rocks to each
other.
 It compares the
placement
of fossils in layers of
rock 26
How are the ages of fossils determined?
2. Radiometric Dating (Carbon
Dating)
 method used to determine the
age of rocks using the decay of
radio active isotopes of
Carbon-14 which is present in
rocks when the organism died.
 one of the BEST method to
used in determining the age of
a fossil. 27
Geologic Time Scale

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FOSSIL RECORDS

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 50m yrs

47m yrs

40-33m yrs

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4 EVIDENCES OF EVOLUTION
2. Comparative anatomy
 Study of similarities and
differences in the structures of
different species.
 3 types of
structures:
1. Homologous
2. Analogous, and
3. Vestigial 31
4 EVIDENCES OF EVOLUTION
2. Comparative Anatomy
1. Homologous structures are
similar in structure but different
in function.

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 Homologous Structures
ARM LEG Flipper Wing

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Homologous Structures

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4 EVIDENCES OF EVOLUTION
2. Comparative Anatomy
Homologous structures are
similar in structure but
different in function.
 Homologous structures ARE
EVIDENCE of a common
ancestor.

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4 EVIDENCES OF EVOLUTION
2. Comparative Anatomy
 Analogous structures are similar
in function but differ in structure
 Analogous structures DO NOT
show common ancestry

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4 EVIDENCES OF EVOLUTION
2. Comparative Anatomy

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4 EVIDENCES OF EVOLUTION
2. Comparative Anatomy

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 Structural patterns are clues
to the history of a species.
Vestigial structures are remnants of
organs or structures that had a
function in an early ancestor.
Examples include ostrich wings, human
appendix, and wisdom teeth, whale
and snake pelvis/hind legs

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Pythons have tiny
femurs (leg bone)

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4 EVIDENCES OF EVOLUTION
3. Embryonic Development
 The portion of the life cycle that begins just
after fertilization.
 Many organisms have the same embryos,
supporting the idea of common ancestors.

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4 EVIDENCES OF EVOLUTION
3. Embryonic Development

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4 EVIDENCES OF EVOLUTION
3. Embryonic Development
Vertebrates
all share gill
slits and a
tail in their
early
embryo
stage;
Share a
common
ancestor
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4 EVIDENCES OF EVOLUTION
4. Molecular and Genetic Information
 AKA Biochemical Evidence
 Small mutations or changes in the
DNA eventually lead to the evolution
of new species.

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4 EVIDENCES OF EVOLUTION
4. Molecular and Genetic Information

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4 EVIDENCES OF EVOLUTION
4. Molecular and Genetic Evidence
 AKA Biochemical
Evidence
 Two closely-related
organisms will have
similar DNA, RNA, and
protein (amino acid)
sequences.
 This also gives
evidence of a common
ancestor. 47
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Four examples of Evidence
for Evolution

1.Fossils
2.Embryology
3.Comparative Anatomy
4.Molecular and Genetic

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