EVOLUTION

Evolution
Evolution is the
process by which
species adapt over
time in response
to their changing
environment.
 Evidences of Evolution
ANATOMY AND MOLECULAR
FOSSILS EMBRYOLOGY BIOLOGY
Fossils
• Fossils provide solid evidence that
organisms from the past are not the
same as those found today, and
fossils show a progression of
evolution.
• Scientists determine the age of
fossils and categorize them from all
over the world to determine when
the organisms lived relative to each
other.
Types of Fossil Dating
• In Relative dating we
determine which things are
older or younger based on
their relationships.
• For example, we know from
geology that soil layers near
the surface of the ground are
usually younger than those
deeper down.
• Which layer is the
youngest?
• Which layer is the
oldest?
• Which layer is
closer to present-
day organisms?
• Which layer is
similar to layer D?
Types of Fossil Dating
• Absolute dating methods
measure the physical properties
of an object itself and use these
measurements to calculate its age.
• One of the most useful absolute
dating methods for archaeologists
is called radiocarbon dating.
• It works by measuring carbon
isotopes, which are versions of
the element carbon.
Anatomy and Embryology
• Another type of evidence for
evolution is the presence of
structures in organisms that share
the same basic form.
• For example, the bones in the
appendages of a human, dog, bird,
and whale all share the same overall
construction resulting from their
origin in the appendages of a
common ancestor.
Anatomy and Embryology
•Embryology, the study of the
development of the anatomy
of an organism to its adult
form, also provides evidence
of relatedness between now
widely divergent groups of
organisms.
Molecular Biology
• the structures of the molecules of
life reflect descent with modification.
• Evidence of a common ancestor for
all of life is reflected in the
universality of DNA as the genetic
material and in the near universality
of the genetic code and the
machinery of DNA replication and
expression.
Theories of Evolution
Theories of Evolution
Theories of Evolution
Theories of Evolution
BIODIVERSITY
Biodiversity
Biodiversity is all the
different kinds of life
you'll find in one area—
the variety of animals,
plants, fungi, and even
microorganisms like
bacteria that make up our
natural world.
Speciation
Speciation is how a new kind
of plant or animal species is
created.
Speciation occurs when a
group within a species
separates from other
members of its species and
develops its own unique
characteristics.
Levels of Biological Organization
Levels of Biological Organization
Levels of Biological Organization
Levels of Biological Organization
Levels of Biological Organization
What is an
Animal
Adaptation?

Adaptations are unique characteristics that allow animals

to survive in their environment.
There are three types of adaptations: structural,
physiological, and behavioral.
Types of Adaptation
Types of Adaptation
Types of Adaptation