PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1:

MODULE 2
RYAN MICHAEL D. TOGONON
TEACHER III
KINDS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
 CASE STUDY
 ETHNOGRAPHY
 PHENOMENOLOGY
 CONTENT AND DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
 HISTORICAL ANALYSIS
 GROUNDED THEORY
 NARRATIVE REPORT
 BIOGRAPHY
 CASE STUDY
 Case studies are believed to have originated in 1829 by Frederic
Le Play. Case studies are rooted in several disciplines, including
science, education, medicine, and law. Case studies are to be
used when (1) the researcher wants to focus on how and why,
(2) the behavior is to be observed, not manipulated, (3) to
further understand a given phenomenon, and (4) if the
boundaries between the context and phenomena are not clear.
Multiple methods can be used to gather data, including
interviews, observation, and historical documentation.
CASE STUDY: Long time study of a person, group,
organization or situation and an empirical inquiry that
investigates current phenomenon.
 Example: “Teenage Pregnancy in the Public High
Schools”
ETHNOGRAPHY
 Ethnography is used when a researcher wants to study a
group of people to gain a larger understanding of their
lives or specific aspects of their lives.
 Primary data collection method is through observation
over an extended period of time. It would also be
appropriate to interview others who have studied the
same cultures.
a study of a particular cultural group.
 Example:
“Cultural Awareness and Integration of
Peace Education in the Indigenous Peoples (IP)
Communities”
 PHENOMENOLOGY
 “live-experienced” of a phenomenon.
 Example: “Life without Gadget
 isused to identify phenomena and focus on subjective
experiences and understanding the structure of those lived
experiences. It was founded in the early 20th century by Edmund
Husserl and Martin Heideggar and originated from philosophy.
Phenomenology is used to describe, in depth, the common
characteristics of the phenomena that has occurred. The primary
data collection method is through in-depth interviews.
GROUNDED THEORY

 takesplace when there is a discovery of new

theory which underlies your study at the time
of data collection and analysis.
 Example: “The Story Behind the Migration
of Christians from Visayas and Luzon to
Mindanao”
 Grounded Theory is a qualitative research
methodology that aims to generate
theories based on data that are grounded
in the empirical reality of the research
context. The method involves a systematic
process of data collection, coding,
categorization, and analysis to identify
patterns and relationships in the data
 The ultimate goal is to develop a theory that explains
the phenomenon being studied, which is based on the
data collected and analyzed rather than on
preconceived notions or hypotheses. The resulting
theory should be able to explain the phenomenon in a
way that is consistent with the data and also accounts
for variations and discrepancies in the data. Grounded
Theory is widely used in sociology, psychology,
management, and other social sciences to study a wide
range of phenomena, such as organizational behavior,
social interaction, and health care.
HARD SCIENCE VS SOFT SCIENCES