Rehabilitation of the visually

handicapped
- Joice mercy
- M,Optom 1st year
VISUALLY HANDICAPPED
"visually handicapped" is an older and less preferred way of describing
individuals who have vision impairments or visual disabilities. It's important to note that
language evolves, and contemporary terminology is more sensitive and respectful of
individuals with visual impairments.

Visually Impaired:
This term generally encompasses a wide range of visual disabilities,
from mild vision impairments to complete blindness. It recognizes that not all
individuals with vision loss are completely blind and that their level of vision may vary.
1.Low Vision Assessment: A low vision specialist assesses the individual's
remaining vision and recommends appropriate aids and devices. This can include
magnifiers, large print materials, or electronic magnification systems to enhance
reading, writing, and other visual tasks.

2.Optical Aids: These include reading glasses, bifocals, or progressive lenses

tailored to address specific vision issues related to aging, such as presbyopia
(difficulty focusing on close objects).

3.Adaptive Lighting: Proper lighting is crucial for individuals with low vision. Use
task lighting to illuminate work areas and reduce glare, shadows, and contrast.
Adjustable desk lamps and LED magnifiers can be particularly helpful.
4.Contrast Enhancement: Enhance contrast in the environment. Use contrasting colors for walls,
furniture,
and objects to make them easier to distinguish.
5.Large Print and Braille: Provide materials in large print or Braille, depending on the
individual's preference
and ability. Labels, books, and documents can be adapted accordingly.
6.Technology and Assistive Devices:
1. Screen Readers: Introduce screen reading software for computers and smartphones to
enable access to digital content.
2. Text-to-Speech and Speech-to-Text: These technologies can help with reading and
communication.
3. Magnification Software: Use software that allows users to magnify on-screen text and
images.
4. Braille Displays: For those who know Braille, Braille displays can be invaluable for reading
digital content.
7.Orientation and Mobility Training: Offer training in orientation and mobility
skills to help individuals navigate their surroundings safely. This includes
learning to use a white cane or a guide dog if appropriate.

8.Daily Living Skills: Teach or reinforce daily living skills such as cooking,
cleaning, and personal grooming adapted to their visual impairment.
9.Home Modifications: Make necessary modifications to the home environment to
improve safety and accessibility. This can include installing handrails, non-slip
flooring, and accessible appliances.

10.Transportation Assistance: Assist in arranging transportation services

or training to use public transportation independently if possible.
Educational Rehabilitation:
a. Early Intervention: For children with visual impairments, early intervention
services are critical. These services include specialized education, therapies, and
support for both the child and their family.
.b. Specialized Education: Enroll visually impaired students in schools that provide
specialized education and support services. These may include braille instruction,
adaptive technology training, and orientation and mobility training.
c. Accessible Learning Materials: Ensure that educational materials are accessible,
whether through braille, large print, audio formats, or digital accessible formats.
d. Transition Services: For older students, provide transition services to help them
prepare for life after school, including vocational training and career counseling.
e. Continuing Education: Encourage and facilitate access to lifelong learning
opportunities for visually impaired adults, including vocational training and higher
education.
f. Teacher Training: Train educators and professionals to work effectively with
visually impaired students to create an inclusive learning environment.
Medical Rehabilitation:
Labeling Medications : Ensure that medication containers are clearly labeled with large,
high-contrast print or tactile labels. Many pharmacies provide large-print labels upon request.
Additionally, you can use bump dots or tactile markers to differentiate between medications.
Pill Organizers : Invest in a pill organizer with compartments for each day of the week or each
dose time. These organizers often have larger compartments and can help patients keep track
of their medication schedule.
Use of Medication Apps : There are smart phone apps designed to assist individuals with
medication management. These apps can provide audible reminders for medication dosages,
and some even have voice commands to help patients identify their medications.
Assistive Devices : Consider using assistive devices like talking prescription labels or devices
that dispense medications with an audible alarm or voice instructions. These devices can be
programmed to provide reminders and help patients identify their medications.
Braille and Tactile Markings : For those who are proficient in Braille, label medications with Braille markings.
Tactile markings, such as adhesive dots or shapes, can also be used to help distinguish between different
medications.

Assistance from Caregivers : If available, caregivers or family members can play a crucial role in helping low
vision patients manage their medications. They can assist with reading labels, organizing pills, and ensuring
that medications are taken as prescribed.

Consultation with a Low Vision Specialist : Low vision specialists can provide personalized recommendations
and training on how to manage medications effectively. They can assess the individual's specific needs and
provide guidance on adaptive techniques and tools.

Large-Print Medication Lists : Maintain a large-print list of medications, including dosages and schedules, in
an easily accessible location. This can serve as a quick reference for the patient.

Regular Medication Reviews : Schedule regular medication reviews with a healthcare provider to ensure
that the prescribed medications are still appropriate and to simplify the medication regimen when possible.
It's important to remember that the specific needs of low vision patients can vary widely. Customizing
medication management strategies to meet the individual's needs and preferences is essential for ensuring
their safety and adherence to Prescribe treatment
Social Rehabilitation:
a. Counseling and Psychological Support: Emotional and psychological support is crucial for
visually impaired individuals. They may experience depression, anxiety, or feelings of
isolation. Mental health professionals can provide counseling to help them cope with these
challenges.
b. Support Groups: Joining support groups for visually impaired individuals can provide a
sense of community, emotional support, and a platform to share experiences and coping
strategies.
c. Social Skills Training: Training in social skills and communication techniques can help
visually impaired individuals navigate social interactions and build self-confidence.
Accessible Social Activities : Seek out social activities and events that are accessible and
accommodating to individuals with low vision. Many communities offer adaptive sports, art classes,
and recreational programs tailored to the visually impaired.

Use of Assistive Technology : Utilize assistive technology, such as screen readers and magnification
software, to access social media, email, and online communication platforms. These tools can help low vision
individuals stay connected with friends and family.

Recreational Activities : Encourage participation in recreational activities that do not rely heavily
on visual input, such as listening to music, playing board games with tactile elements, or engaging in
audio-based hobbies like podcasting or storytelling.

Accessibility Advocacy Advocate for improved accessibility in the community. Encourage

local businesses and organizations to provide accommodations such as large-print menus, accessible signage,
and well-lit spaces.
THANK YOU