Time-Domain Analysis of Resonant and Soft-Switching Converters

Principles of state-plane analysis and averaging In a large number of cases, the circuit waveforms are not approximately sinusoidal The mechanisms of soft-switching PWM converters cannot be understood using the sinusoidal approximation The mechanisms of switching loss in hard-switched PWM converters cannot be understood using the sinusoidal approximation Exact time-domain analysis of these converters initially appears to be very complex, but is considerably simplified when certain analysis principles are employed (there are 4-5 logical leaps to be learned) Goals of this part of the course: learn the basic analysis principles learn to analyze the basic soft-switching circuits and resonant converters learn the physical properties of the most well-known soft-switching converters
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Lecture 19

Key Concepts
Averaging current (charge) and voltage (flux-linkages) over one switching period Relating average current to change in tank capacitor charge, and relating average voltage to change in tank inductor flux linkages Kirchhoffs Laws in integral form Steady-state tank capacitor charge balance and inductor volt-second (flux linkage) balance for resonant circuit waveforms Normalization of voltage, current, time, and other quantities The state plane trajectory of resonant tank waveforms Examples: series and parallel resonant dc-dc converters Examples: quasi-resonant, zero-voltage transition, and active-clamp converters Examples: modeling switching loss in hard-switched converters having ringing waveforms
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Lecture 19

Averaging: Charge Arguments

Averaging a terminal current of a (resonant) converter to find the dc or low-frequency component:

where

We will relate this charge to the change in charge on a tank capacitor within the converter
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Averaging: Volt-Second, or Flux-Linkage, Arguments

Averaging a terminal voltage of a (resonant) converter to find the dc or low-frequency component:

where

We will relate these volt-seconds to the change in flux-linkages in a tank inductor within the converter
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Tank Capacitor Charge Variation

where
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Relating the tank capacitor ac voltage to the dc load current

q = C (VCP (VCP)) = 2CVCP

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Tank inductor flux linkage variation

where
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Relating the tank inductor ac current to the dc load voltage

= L (ILP (ILP)) = 2LILP

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Lecture 19

Kirchhoffs Laws in Integral Form: KCL

KCL: sum of currents into a node = 0

Integrate over a time interval: net charge entering the node = 0

where

ECEN 5817 Resonant and Soft-Switching Techniques in Power Electronics

Lecture 19

Integral KCL: Example

By KCL, we know that i1 = iC + i2. Hence,

where

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Lecture 19

Kirchhoffs Laws in Integral Form: KVL

KVL: sum of voltages around a loop = 0

Integrate over a time interval: net volt-seconds around the loop = 0

where

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Integral KVL: Example

By KVL, we know that v2 = v1 vL. Hence,

where

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Normalization and Notation

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Normalization and Notation

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Normalization and Notation: Time and Frequency

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State plane trajectory of a series tank circuit

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State plane trajectory of a series tank circuit

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State plane trajectory of a parallel-loaded tank circuit

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State plane trajectory of a parallel-loaded tank circuit

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Lecture 19