Sap I'd :70127106

Submitted to : Dr Tehreem
Subject :Classical mechanics
University of Lahore
 Definition of Degree of Freedom
(DOF):
Number of independent
Constraints and coordinates needed to specify the
configuration of a system.

Degree of Freedom Importance of DOF:

Determines the number of
independent ways a system can
move or deform.
Introduction of Constraints:
Restrictions on the motion or
deformation of a system.
 Geometric Constraints:
Limit the possible positions and orientations of a
system.
Examples: Fixed joints, slides, paths.
Kinematic Constraints:
Relate the motion of different parts of a system.
Types of Constraints Examples: Gears, cams, levers.
Dynamic Constraints:
Relate the forces and motions within a system.
Examples: Springs, dampers, mass distribution.
 Each constraint reduces the DOF of the
system by one.
Relationship Example: A ball has 6 DOF (3
translational, 3 rotational). If placed on a

between table, it loses 3 DOF (cannot move in the

z-direction or rotate around the x and y
axes).
Constraints and Total DOF of a system can be calculated
using the formula:
DOF DOF = Total Unconstrained DOF -
Number of Independent Constraints
 Engineering Design:
Used to analyze and optimize the
movement of mechanisms and
machines.
Robotics:
Applications of Used to control the motion of robots
and ensure they perform tasks
Constraints and accurately.
Physics:

DOF Used to model the motion of objects

and systems under various
constraints.
Computer Graphics:
Used to create realistic animations
and simulations of objects interacting
with their environment.
 Introduction to Palestine

• Title: Palestine: A Rich Tapestry of

History and Struggle
• Content:
• Geography:
• Located in the Middle East, bordered by
Israel, Jordan, and Egypt.
• Capital:
• East Jerusalem (claimed by Palestine) and
Ramallah (administrative capital).
• Population:
• Diverse population with a rich cultural
heritage.
 •Title: Navigating Historical Struggles and
Contemporary Challenges
Content:
•Historical Context:
Historical and • Rich history dating back thousands of years with
cultural and religious significance.

Contemporary •Israeli-Palestinian Conflict:

• Decades-long conflict over territory, self-

Challenges
determination, and statehood.
•Occupation:
• Discussion on the Israeli occupation of the West
Bank and Gaza Strip.
•Humanitarian Situation:
• Challenges faced by Palestinians, including access
to basic services and restrictions on movement.
hank you