CAMBRIDGE YEAR 6

SCIENCE
CHAPTER 3: HUMANS
3.1 WHERE ARE YOUR ORGANS

Your body is about 60 % water by weight.

Most of the water are in the body cells.
Cells are organized into organs. Liver is
a big organ while eyes and ears are small
organs.
3.1 WHERE ARE YOUR ORGANS

Composition of water in the body

3.1 WHERE ARE YOUR ORGANS

Liver is a big organ

3.1 WHERE ARE YOUR ORGANS

Eyes are small organs Ear is a small organ

3.1 WHERE ARE YOUR ORGANS

Each organ has its own function. Your

eyes see, your ears hear and your heart
pumps blood.
Our skin is the largest organ in our body
and protect the internal organs. It also
gives us our appearance and shape.
The largest and heaviest internal organ
in the body is the liver.
3.1 WHERE ARE YOUR ORGANS

Cold

Hot Pain
Senses
detected by
skin

Touch Pressure
3.1 WHERE ARE YOUR ORGANS

The heart is in the middle of the body.

The left side of the heart is bigger than
the right.
3.1 WHERE ARE YOUR ORGANS

A human heart
3.2 ORGANISATION

The organs of your body work together

in systems.
Each system has a scientific name and is
made up of different organs.
3.2 ORGANISATION

System Description
Circulatory system Transports blood to all parts of the body
Made up of the heart, the arteries that carry the
blood away from the heart, the tiny capillaries and
the veins that carry the blood back to the heart
Digestive system Breaks down food so it can be absorbed by the small
intestine
Starts with your mouth and ends with the large
intestine
Respiratory system Provides oxygen to your body
Made up of the lungs and the airways
3.2 ORGANISATION

Organs work in systems, which work

together.
When you
exercise, you The respiratory
need energy. To The digestive system provides
get energy, you system breaks oxygen to your
need food and down food body
oxygen

The circulatory
system carries
both food and
oxygen to your
muscles
3.2 ORGANISATION

A doctor uses a stethoscope to hear

your heart beat.
The heart beat consists of two sounds,
‘lub-dup’ because the heart contracts
and relaxes alternately.
Your pulse is also your heart beat rate.
3.2 ORGANISATION

Video on the heart:

3.3 DIGESTION

When you swallow your food, it travels

through your digestive system (gut).
On its way, the food is digested and
finally absorbed by the small intestine.
Undigested food will be hardened in the
large intestine and becomes faeces.
3.3 DIGESTION

The food
The chewed
moves into The liquid
Your teeth food is
the stomach food is
chew the squeezed
where it is pushed into
food down the
squashed the intestine
oesophagus
into a liquid
3.4 BREATHING IN AND OUT

You need oxygen every day, even if you

are sleeping. Without oxygen, you
cannot release the energy from your
food.
Breathing in is called inhalation.
Breathing out is called exhalation.
3.4 BREATHING IN AND OUT

From the
When you The air then At the alveoli,
bronchioles, air
breathe in, travels into the blood
travels into the
air travels brochioles collects oxygen
alveoli
down the (smaller and drops off
(smallest
trachea tubes) carbon dioxide
tubes)
3.4 BREATHING IN AND OUT

Breathing in and breathing out

3.4 BREATHING IN AND OUT

Breathing in and breathing out

3.5 DEALING WITH WASTE

Another important system in your body

deals with excretion. Excretion is the
removal of waste products from the
body.
If you did not excrete waste, it would
build up and harm your body.
3.5 DEALING WITH WASTE

Lungs
- Excrete carbon
dioxide and water
vapour

Kidneys Skin
- Excrete urea, - Excretes urea,
excess water and excess water and
mineral salts mineral salts

Excretory
organs
3.5 DEALING WITH WASTE

Urine from the kidneys is stored in a bag

called the bladder.
The urine passes out of your body when
you go to the lavatory. It is pale yellow in
colour.
3.5 DEALING WITH WASTE

The kidneys and bladder

3.5 DEALING WITH WASTE

If your kidneys fail, you can use a dialysis

machine.
A dialysis machine is an artificial kidney.
You may be connected to it for an hour or
more, three times a week. It filters your
blood instead of your kidneys.
3.5 DEALING WITH WASTE

A dialysis machine
3.6 CONTROLLING YOUR BODY

Your brain is about the size of a coconut.

Its surface is wrinkled, like a walnut.
Your brain is in control of your body.
Everything you see and hear, everything
you smell and taste, is sent to your brain.
It also gets signals from inside your body
about all your organs.
3.6 CONTROLLING YOUR BODY

A model of the human brain

3.6 CONTROLLING YOUR BODY

Your brain deals with a lot of important

business without bothering you.
Tells you
that you
need the
lavatory
Tells when Tells you
you are that you
hungry are tired

What the
brain can
do
Keeps
your heart Keeps you
beating breathing