Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Field of Automotive as an
Effort to Increase Human
safety
By:
Moh. Ali Fauzi (14050514061)
Atika Jihan Sadida (14050514062)
A U TO MO T IV E R A D A R
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Material Discussion
Automotive Radar
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Applications
10 GHz automotive
radar system built by 16 GHz automotive
VDO in the early 1970s radar system built by
Standard Electric
Lorenz (SEL) in 1975
35 GHz automotive
radar system built by
AEG-Telefunken in
1974
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Year Car-Company Radar-Manufacturer
1970 ? VDO
1974 ? Telefunken
1975 ? SEL
1998/99 BW VDO/HIT
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Automotive Radar Equipments
Antenna
To catch signals and give the results on radio and
television.
Camera
To monitor traffic at a distance and as an aid to vision
when parking.
Radar
With monostatic radar (radar that could emit and
receive the signals). Used to detect objects around the
car.
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;
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FMCW (Frequency Modulated Continous Wave)
-
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Radar Application in a Car
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Based on the distance of its scope, the detection
radar on an object are classified into two, namely
in SRR and LRR.
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SRR and LRR Sensors
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Medium Range Radar – MRR
• Long Range Radar – LRR
• 55 dBm transmit power -9 dBm/Hz transmit power
• 10 – 250 m Range 77-81
GHz Band with 600
• Range Resolution: 0.25 m MHz BW
• Narrow Beam Looking 1-100 m Range
Ahead: ACC Range Resolution: 0.25 m
Medium Distance: CTA
• Short Range Radar – SRR
• -9 dBm/Hz transmit power
• 15cm – 30m Range
• Range Resolution: 3.75 cm
• Parking Aid, Close
Proximity to Vehicle
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Automotive Radar Application
Radar Cruise Control Side Impact
Blind Spot Detection Parking Assist
Lane Departure Alert
Lane Keeping Assist
Pre-Collision / Pre-Crash
Collision Warning
Notify Pedestrian
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RADAR CRUISE CONTROL
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RADAR CRUISE CONTROL
(Making long highway drives easier and less tiring by maintaining a
distance with the vehicle ahead).
While staying within a preset speed range, the system
maintains an appropriate distance between vehicles, helping
make long highway drives less tiring. The system operates at all
speeds, enabling to follow the vehicle ahead in low speed. This,
in turn, helps reduce driver fatigue even in traffic congestion.
This system has three conditions:
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[1] Cruise control at preset speeds
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[2] Control of deceleration cruising and follow-up cruising
Millimeter-wave radar determines the distance between
vehicles. By adjusting speed within a preset range depending on
the speed of the preceding vehicle, the system maintains a safe
distance while ensuring follow-up and deceleration cruising.
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[3] Acceleration speed control
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[4] Stop maintenance control (when all-speed cruise control is
available in system)
The system slows or stops your vehicle when the preceding
vehicle slows or stops. When the preceding vehicle speeds up, the
system makes your vehicle accelerate accordingly, until it
resumes the preset speed.
Stop Sensor
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Go Sensor
[When all-speed cruise control is unavailable:]
The system slows your vehicle to 30 km/h or above when the
preceding vehicle slows down. The driver must manually
control deceleration below 30km/h.
Video by Toyota-Global.com:
Youtube search:
Dynamic Radar Cruise Control (DRCC) Toyota Safety Sense
Select 2016 Models Toyota
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Blind Spot Detection
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(Car tech that watches where you can’t see with your eyes)
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Lane Departure Alert
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Lane Departure Alert (LDA)
(Warning the driver when the vehicle deviates from its lane.).
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[1] Lane Detection
As the car is driving, the onboard camera detects the white
or yellow lane markings and its own relative position.
[2] Alert
As the vehicle begins to leave its lane without activating the
turn signal, the system generates an audible and visual alert to
get the driver’s attention. Youtube search:
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Lane Keeping Assist
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1. The Lane Departure Warning
Alerts the driver when the vehicle starts to deviate from its
lane with a warning buzzer, alert lamp and the application of a
small counter-steering force to the steering wheel.
2. Lane Keeping Assist
When the Rader Cruise Control is activated and the system
senses the vehicle deviating from its lane, the system helps the
car stay on course near the center of the lane by continuously
applying a small amount of counter-steering force.
Lane keeping
assist
Lane departure
warning
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Pre-Collision / Pre-Crash
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PRE-COLLISION
(Warning the driver about potential collisions)
Based on the vehicle’s position, speed and predicted
course relative to an object ahead, the vehicle uses
audible and visual alerts to warn the driver when
necessary.
Youtube search:
Pre-Collision System (PCS) Toyota Safety Sense
Select 2016 Models Toyota
Pre-Collision System
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Collision Warning
• Front Collision Warning
Have the same principle as Radar Cruise Control.
• Cut-in Collision Warning / Side Impact Detection
Have the principle to detect objects on the side of the
car
• Rear-End Collision Warning
A radar sensor in the rear bumper monitors the traffic
behind the vehicle. If the risk of an impact from the rear
is detected, the rear hazard warning lights are activated
to alert the driver of the vehicle behind the object.
Rear-end Collision Avoidance System
(RCAS) High-tech car intelligent and safe
driving
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Notify Pedestrian
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Notifies pedestrians of your vehicle
EV-operated (Electric Vehicle) hybrid cars run very
quietly. In the case in Japan, every time the vehicle is
driven at 25km/h or reversing, the system can notify
pedestrians with an automated alert sound. To be
courtesy, the sound can be turned off.
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Parking Assist
Park Assist
Backing Assist Rear View Monitor System
Intelligent Parking Assist (IPA)
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Park Assist
Toyota Safety
Technology
Parking Assist
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Back Guide Monitor
Toyota Safety
Technology Back
Guide Rear View
Monitor System
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Intelligent Park Assist
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Autopilot Fiture
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Autopilot on Car
An autonomous car (driverless car,\self-driving car, robotic
car) is a vehicle that is capable of sensing its environment and
navigating without human input.
Autonomous cars can detect surroundings using a variety of
techniques such as radar, lidar, GPS, odometry, and computer
vision. Advanced control systems interpret sensory information
to identify appropriate navigation paths, as well as obstacles and
relevant signage.Autonomous cars have control systems that are
capable of analyzing sensory data to distinguish between
different cars on the road, which is very useful in planning a path
to the desired destination..
Toyotas Highway
Teammate Autonomous
Go for a Ride in
Driving Technology
Ubers
demo-ed in a modified
Autonomous Car
Lexus GS 48
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RADAR APPLICATION IN A
MOTORCYCLE
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Motorcycle Radar Detector
A radar detector is an electronic device used by motorists to
detect if their speed is being monitored by police or law
enforcement using a radar gun. Most radar detectors are used so
the driver can reduce the car's speed before being ticketed for
speeding. Only doppler radar-based devices can be detected —
other speed measuring devices including those using ANPR,
piezo sensors, and VASCAR technology cannot be detected.
LIDAR devices require a different type of sensor, although many
modern detectors include LIDAR sensors. Most of today's radar
detectors detect signals across a variety of wavelength bands:
usually X, K, and Ka. In Europe the Ku band is common as well.
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Applications
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Conclusion
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The difference of 24 GHz radar and 77
GHz is located on a range of areas. If the 24
GHz radar (≤ 30 m) operate on SRR, then 77
GHz radar can operate up to LRR ( ≅ 200
metres).
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Freescale 77 GHz Technology Advantages
• Multi-mode, multi-application capability (long- and mid-range)
1.Allows one radar to be used for multiple safety systems:
-Adaptive cruise control -Headway alert
-Collision warning -Mitigation and brake support
• Solid-state technology
1.Highest level integration
Most advanced SiGe technology with multi-channel transmitter and receiver chips
2.No moving parts.
The main advantages of the 77 GHz to 81 GHz frequency range (79 GHz band) are
that radar devices can be much smaller, a single technology can be used for all
applications, and the risk of mutual interference is low because of the smaller
emission power required.
3.Higher frequency radar systems tend to perform better because they are more reliable
and more accurate
• Class-leading performance and durability
1.Resistant to vibration and extremely robust
2.Innovative design provides excellent multi-target discrimination
Including precise range, approach speed and angle data
3.High speed FMCW waveform combined with 2D-FFT algorithm
Provides independent measurements of range and range rate
Provides superior detection of clustered stationary objects 55
A high-resolution system can determine whether a vehicle
will crash into an object or there will be a near miss. A low-
resolution system will have a higher rate of false alarms and will
miss a small object that is in front of a big one (see figure below).
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Automotive Radar Applications
Application Detection Range Safety Aspect Technology
Adaptive Cruise Normal driving;
200 meters 77 GHz Radar
Control accident avoidance
77 GHz Radar / 24
Accident; mitigation
Pre-Crash 30 meters GHz Radar 76 / 81
of impact
GHz Radar
Blind Spot Normal driving; 24 GHz Radar/
20 meters
Detection accident avoidance Vision sensor
Lane Departure Normal driving;
60 meters Vision sensor
Warning accident avoidance
77 GHz + 24 GHz
Normal driving;
Stop and Go 30 meters Radar 76/81 GHz
accident avoidance
Radar
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THANK YOU
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