The Effectiveness of Lanzones

(L. domesticum) Fruit as an

Ingredient for Bioethanol Fuel
Additives
BERMAS, LIRA MAE BARDE,
FERNANDEZ, RODNEY ENERO
LARANO, ALVIN MENDOZA
ROQUE, LENARD HABITAN
 Chapter 1
Introduction:
This study will be conducted using lanzones (L.
domesticum) waste biomass in different parameters using
fermentation method.
The aim of this study is to produce additives for
bioethanol fuel from lanzones (L. domesticum) fruit. The
researchers want to test the effectivity of the additives
produced from lanzones (L. domesticum).
 Chapter 1
Statement of the Problem
The researchers also aim to answer the following
questions:
1. How many milliliters (mL) of additives can be produced
from:
• 2-kg of lanzones fruit
• 5-kg of lanzones fruit
• 8-kg of lanzones fruit
 Chapter 1
2. Is there a significant comparison between the fuel
efficiency before adding the additives and after adding
the additives?
3. Is there a significant difference between the
additives for bio-ethanol fuel from lanzones (L.
domesticum) fruit mixed with other bioethanol to
other gasoline in terms of Cetane Rating?
 Chapter 1
Hypotheses
Ho1: The production of additives for bioethanol fuel
from lanzones (L. domesticum) fruit is zero.
Ho2: The difference between the additives for
bioethanol fuel from lanzones fruit mixed with other
bioethanol to other gasoline is zero.
 Chapter 1
Scope and Delimitation
The focus of this experimental research is to know if
lanzones (L. domesticum) can produce a substance for
additive for bioethanol fuel. The lanzones (L.
domesticum) that will be used by the researchers will
be sourced out from the Pasig City Mega Market
where it is bounty and cheaper
 Chapter 1
Significance of the Study
Transportation Companies
Local Farmers
Future Researchers
Botanist
Conceptual
Framework
 Chapter 1
Definition of Terms
Bioethanol
Conceptual: in this study, it is a renewable fuel made from natural
resources like plants’ seeds, fruit or crude extract
Operational: an ethanol produced from plants such as sugar cane or
corn, used as an alternative to gasoline. (Gable, 2017)
Cetane Numbers
Conceptual: in this study, it is a rating that measures the quality of fuel.
Operational: is a measurement of the quality or performance
of diesel fuel. (Barsamian, 2009)
 Chapter 1
Distillation
Conceptual: in this study, it is a process of separating a component from a
mixture
Operational: it the action of purifying a liquid by a process of heating and
cooling. (Gil et al, 2007)
Fermentation
Conceptual: in this study, it is the chemical breakdown of a substance by
bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms.
Operational: a metabolic process that produces chemical changes in organic
substrates through the action of enzymes. (Urry et al, 2014)
 Chapter 1
Filtration
Conceptual: in this study, it is the process of separation of liquid material from a
solid material
Operational: are any of various mechanical, physical or biological operations that
separate solids from fluids by adding a medium through which only the fluid can
pass. (Helmenstine, 2018)
Lanzones
Conceptual: in this study, it is an endemic fruit found in Philippines
Operational: is yellowish-white, occurring in bunches on a single stem, ellipsoid or
globose, 2 to 4 centimeters long, with bitter seeds that are surrounded by a
translucent pulp. (Santiago and Stuart, 2015)
 Chapter 2
Review of Related Literatures and Studies
Lanzones (Lansium domesticum)
Lansones is a tree growing to a height of 4 to 15 meters.
Leaves are alternate, 20 to 40 centimeters long, with 5 to
7 leaflets, oblong to oblong-elliptic, 7 to 18 centimeters in
length, and pointed at both ends. Flowers are small,
yellow and borne on spikes, solitary or fascicled on the
trunk or larger branches.
 Chapter 2
Bio-Diesel Extraction from Rambutan Seeds
The researchers decided on using rambutan seeds, because
they live in Southeast Asia, and Rambutan is a common fruit in
there, and it is unique and easy to get. They converted
rambutan seeds into oil first through Soxhlet Extraction (or
Soxhlet Extractor- it is used when the desired compound has a
limited solubility in a solvent, and the impurity is insoluble in
that solvent) and then they have converted it into their final
product, biodiesel through transesterification.
 Chapter 2
Comparative studies of Bioethanol Production from
Different Fruit Wastes
The depletion of fossil fuel impacts on the increase of
petroleum price and has triggered the finding of alternative
and renewable energy. Ethanol fuel is the most common
biofuel worldwide. Ethanol can be used in petrol engines as
a replacement for gasoline. The production of bioethanol
must be increased using cheaper and ecofriendly.
 Chapter 2
Essential Chemicals in Selected Fruit Peels from Manila,
Philippines
According to this study by Judilynn N. Solidum, general
aimed to define the phytochemicals present in the peels
of the seven (7) fruits obtained from Manila, Philippines
which is the Rambutan, Lanzones, Pomelo, Longgan,
Dalandan, Ponkan, and Mangosteen. Definitely it aimed to
define the presence of total sugars and alkaloids.
 Chapter 2
Comparative Analysis of Single and Two Stage Fermentation
Systems under Various Process Conditions
In addition to the increasing need for fuels and energy in
industrial uses the demand for the production of bio-fuels from
lignocellulosic biomass and agro-industrial waste is increasing
Anaerobic fermentation that produces biogas from crop straw
is a potential solution to meet the demands and can help to
solve environmental pollution (such as burning).
 Chapter 2
Comparative Analysis of Single and Two Stage Fermentation
Systems under Various Process Conditions
In addition to the increasing need for fuels and energy in
industrial uses the demand for the production of bio-fuels from
lignocellulosic biomass and agro-industrial waste is increasing
Anaerobic fermentation that produces biogas from crop straw
is a potential solution to meet the demands and can help to
solve environmental pollution (such as burning).
 Chapter 2
Separation of Ethanol and Water by Extractive
Distillation with Salt and Solvent as Entrainer: Process
Simulation
According to I.D. Gil et al., 2007, this study simulate
and analyze an extractive distillation process for
azeotropic ethanol dehydration with ethylene glycol
and calcium chloride mixture as entrainer.
 Chapter 2
Methods in Determining Diesel Cetane Number
Using the ignition delay principle, ASTM published an
updated ASTM D7170 test method for derived cetane
numbers. It is another way to determine diesel fuel’s
cetane numbers economically and more reliable. The
cetane rating is a very important property of diesel oils
which indicates the ignition quality of diesel fuels, the
higher, the better. It is somewhat analogous to octane for
gasoline.
 Chapter 3
Introduction
This chapter shows or defines the methods that will be
used to conduct the study. The researchers will state the
information and data needed to elaborate their goal or
objectives and questions that will be answered during the
whole research process. The materials, the lanzones fruit,
the equipment that the researchers will be used for the
variable. To see what the lanzones fruit contains that can be
used for bioethanol fuel.
 Chapter 3
Materials, Tools, and Equipment
The following are the possible materials, tools, and equipment
that will be used for this research:
The main material that will be used in conducting this research
is lanzones (L. domesticum) fruit which will be air dried and grind.
The tools that will be used during the experimentation are
Erlenmeyer flasks, which will be used as a container for the
samples, graduated cylinders and beakers, which will be used for
measuring the extracted and fermented solutions.
 Chapter 3
Experimental Procedure
The researchers will gather the tools and materials
that will be used for the experimentation. It will be
peeled, dried and then ground. The researchers will
undergo on different processes:
 Chapter 3
Pre-treatment
The ground lanzones will be mixed with hydrochloric
acid (HCl) and will be sterilized at 75 degree Celsius for
15 minutes and then measure its pH value.
 Chapter 3
Fermentation
The pre-treated lanzones solution will be fermented
from different parameter: Fermentation in different pH
parameter, different temperature, and different
period.
 Chapter 3
Filtration
After the lanzones (L. domesticum) fruit fermented,
it will undergo to filtration process to separate the
fermented extract from any residue
 Chapter 3
Distillation
After the lanzones fermented and filtrated, it will
undergo to distillation process to separate the
ethanolic content from water.
 Chapter 3
The fermented and distilled seed extract will be then
send to Department of Energy – Renewable Energy
Bureau for them to test the distillation properties, its
density using the specific gravity test and its Cetane
rating.
 Chapter 3
Data Gathering Procedure
The said data will come from the results gathered by
the researchers. The researchers will then compare the
data gathered from the laboratories where it is tested.
 Chapter 3
Statistical Analysis
The researchers will give the Department of Energy
Laboratory the permission to analyse and test the
fermented and distilled seed extract’s density / specific
gravity and Cetane Rating. The researchers will also
test the effectiveness of the fermented seed extract as
an additive for the bioethanol fuel.
 Chapter 3

where

μ = Proposed constant for the population mean

= Sample mean
n = Sample size
s = Sample standard deviation
= Estimated standard error of the mean ()
 Chapter 4
This chapter includes the data gathered by the
research throughout the whole experimentation
process.
The researchers aren’t able to finish the whole
experimentation process that they needed to gather
the data necessary for this research.
 Chapter 4
Financial issues. The researchers are supposed to use a
different plant material for this research and are
supposed to send the said material to a laboratory
The availability of plant material. The researchers then
now decided to conduct the fermentation themselves
but another problem aroused, the plant material that
they needed for the research is not available for it is
seasonal. The researchers tried to find another source
of it but it is said to take a long time for it to arrive.
 Chapter 4
Lack of time for the experimentation. The researchers
decided to use another plant material for the additive
production but the problem is the time frame of their
study.
The pH value of the pre-treated solution.
Fermentation is an anaerobic process that breaks
down the sugar molecules into simpler molecules.
 Chapter 5
This chapter includes the conclusion and recommendation
done by the researchers.
Conclusion
The researchers throughout the whole processes that
they've undergo, therefore conclude that bioethanol fuel
additives is a research that needs a lot of funding, effort and
time. Fermentation is a long process counting a couple or
more weeks. The researchers failed to do the process
because of lacking source of variable the main reason why to
change its variable as soon as possible.
 Chapter 5
Recommendation
• Time Management. The researchers must have a
time management to ensure that they can perform
their different test; experiment and can do their
research paper. Time management is very important.
• Examine, observe keenly whenever conducting
experimentations
 Chapter 5
Work in an organized and clean space because it
doesn’t only improve workflow by saving steps, it also
forces you to think through the different aspects of
your operation, and how to approach them efficiently
and systematically.
The future researchers should have enough money,
or it is best if the researchers should save money
beforehand, for the future expenses such as materials,
equipment and for laboratory testing.
 Chapter 5
Seek help from Research Advisers. The researchers
should seek further help from their research advisers
as the research continues its process, consistent
consultation, ask for advice and guide, in a proper time
and proper manner.
THANK YOU