TRECE MARTIRES CITY

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

General Physics 1
Quarter 1 Week 2

BY KEVIN GIANE C. DUQUE

Course outline
•Gravity

•Kepler’s Law of Planetary Motion

Topic 1
Gravity
Cite some instances where gravity
is beneficial and instances where it
is not desired
Gravity

It is one of the four fundamental

interactions – the others being
electromagnetic, weak nuclear, and strong
nuclear interactions.
Galileo’s experiment on Gravity

He discovered that light and heavy

bodies have the same acceleration on the
surface of the Earth when air resistance is
negligible.
Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation
“Every particle of matter attracts every
other particle of with a force proportional to
the product of their masses and inversely
proportional to the square of the distance
between them.”
Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation

Where:
G = = gravitational constant
= mass of the first object, kg
= mass of the second object,kg
r = distance between the two objects
Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation

Where:
gs = gravitational field strength, N/kg
G = = gravitational constant
m = mass of the first object, kg
r = radius of the object
Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation

Where:
U = Gravitational Potential Energy, J
G = = gravitational constant
Me = Mass of the Earth, kg
m = mass of the object, kg
r = distance between the two objects
Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation

Where:
= Orbital velocity, m/s
G = = gravitational constant
M = mass of the first object, kg
r = radius of the orbit, m
Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation

Where:
= escape velocity, m/s
G = = gravitational constant
Me = mass of the planet, kg
Re = radius of the planet, m
Kepler’s Law of Planetary Motion

In the early 17th century, Johannes

Kepler, discovered three empirical laws
governing the planets in the Solar System.
Kepler’s Law of Planetary Motion

1st Law: The Law of Ellipse

“All planets move about the sun in
elliptical orbits”
Kepler’s Law of Planetary Motion

2nd Law: The Law of Areas

“A radius vector joining a planet to
the Sun sweeps out equal areas in equal
times”
Kepler’s Law of Planetary Motion

3rd Law: The Harmonic Law

“The square of a planet’s orbital
period is proportional to the cube of the
semi-major axis of its orbit.”
Kepler’s Law of Planetary Motion

3rd Law: The Harmonic Law

Kepler’s Law of Planetary Motion
3 Law: The Harmonic Law
rd

T = orbital period,years
R = distance between two objects, m
Kepler’s Law of Planetary Motion: 3rd
Law
Kepler’s Law of Planetary Motion
3 Law: The Harmonic Law
rd

T = earth years
R = solar distance, m
M = solar mass, kg
G = Gravitational constant
Sample problems
 Two spheres, measured from their
centers, are 2.0 meters apart. One has a
mass of 8.0 kg while the other has a mass
of 6.0 kg. What is the gravitational force
between them?
 What is the gravitational field strength
at the surface of Jupiter?
 Calculate the orbital velocity of the
earth so that the satellite revolves around
the earth.
Find the escape velocity on earth.
The mean distance between the Earth and the sun
is 1.5 x m. The mean distance between the sun
and Mars is 2.87 x . What is the period of Mars
around the sun in Earth-days?
 Thank you!
Have a nice day!