AN AUTOMATIC SYSTEM FOR

IMAGE TO TEXT CONVERTOR .

Jay M Patel
170010111012
RASPBERRY PI
RASPBERRY PI
Raspberry Pi is the name of a series of single-board computers made by
the Raspberry Pi Foundation.
Raspberry Pi was launched in 2012, and there have been several iterations and
variations released since then. The original Pi had a single-core 700MHz CPU and
just 256MB RAM, and the latest model has a quad-core CPU clocking in at over
1.5GHz, and 4GB RAM.
Raspberry Pi is a very cheap computer that runs Linux, it also provides a set of
GPIO (general purpose input/output) pins, allowing you to control electronic
components for physical computing and explore the Internet of Things (IoT).
RASPBERRY PI 3 LAYOUT
RASPBERRY PI
To operate on Raspberry pi one must install Raspberry Pi OS i.e. Raspbian on an
SD-card of at least 8 GB size. After installation SD-card is mounter on Raspberry Pi.
We just need to provide powers supply, using a Micro USB Power cable and connect
Raspberry Pi with an USB Keyboard and Mouse, and Monitor .
Then we are all-set to work on Raspberry Pi.
OPTICAL CHARACTER
RECOGNITION
OPTICAL CHARACTER
RECOGNITION
WHAT IS OCR?
As OCR stands for optical character recognition, OCR technology deals with the
problem of recognizing all kinds of different characters.
Both handwritten and printed characters can be recognized and converted into a
machine-readable, digital data format.
Consider any kind of serial number or code consisting of numbers and letters that is
needed to be digitized. By using OCR we can transform these codes into a digital
output.
Put simply, the image taken is processed, the characters extracted, and are then
recognized.
OCR TYPES
Optical character recognition (OCR) – targets typewritten text, one glyph or
character at a time.
Optical word recognition – targets typewritten text, one word at a time
Intelligent character recognition (ICR) – also targets handwritten print script or
cursive text one glyph or character at a time, usually involving machine learning.
Intelligent word recognition (IWR) – also targets handwritten print script or
cursive text, one word at a time. This is especially useful for languages where glyphs
are not separated in cursive script.
OCR
OCR undergoes 3-steps during its execution i.e.
1) Pre-processing
2) Text recognition
3) Post-processing
PRE-PROCESSING IN OCR
OCR software often pre-processes images to improve the chances of successful
recognition. The aim of image pre-processing is an improvement of the actual image
data. In this way, unwanted distortions are suppressed and specific image features
are enhanced.
PRE-PROCESSING IN OCR
OCR software often uses multiple pre-processing techniques in congestion to
improve the chances of successful recognition.
Pre-processing techniques includes:
1. De-skew
If the document was not aligned properly when scanned, it may need to be tilted a
few degrees clockwise or counterclockwise in order to make lines of text
perfectly horizontal or vertical.
2. Despeckle
Remove positive and negative spots, smoothing edges
PRE-PROCESSING IN OCR
3. Binarization
Convert an image from color or greyscale to black-and-white. The task of
binarization is performed as a simple way of separating the text from the
background.
The effectiveness of the binarization step influences to a significant extent the
quality of the character recognition stage.
4. Line removal
Cleans up non-glyph boxes and lines.
5. Layout analysis or “zoning”
Identifies columns, paragraphs, captions, etc., as blocks. Particularly useful in
multi-column layouts and tables.
PRE-PROCESSING IN OCR
TEXT RECOGNITION IN OCR
There are two basic types of core OCR algorithm
1. Matrix matching
Matrix matching involves comparing an image to a stored glyph on a pixel-by-pixel
basis; it is also known as "pattern matching“.
This relies on the input glyph being correctly isolated from the rest of the image, and
on the stored glyph being in a similar font and at the same scale.
This technique works best with typewritten text.
TEXT RECOGNITION IN OCR
2. Feature extraction
Feature extraction decomposes glyphs into "features" like lines, closed loops, line
direction, and line intersections.
The extraction features reduces the dimensionality of the representation and makes
the recognition process computationally efficient. These features are compared with
an abstract vector-like representation of a character.
General techniques of feature detection in computer vision are applicable to this type
of OCR, which is commonly seen in "intelligent" handwriting recognition and
indeed most modern OCR software.
POST-PROCESSING IN OCR
OCR accuracy can be increased if the output is constrained by a lexicon – a list of
words that are allowed to occur in a document.
This might be, for example, all the words in the English language, or a more
technical lexicon for a specific field.
To better deal with different types of input OCR, some providers started to develop
specific OCR systems. These systems are able to deal with the special images, and to
improve the recognition accuracy, even more, they combined various optimization
techniques.
USE CASES OF OCR
OCR engines have been developed into a range of domain-specific OCR applications
including receipt, invoice, check and the legal document.
1. Data entry for business documents, e.g. checks, passports, invoices, bank
statements, and receipts.
2. Automatic recognition of license plate
3. In airports, passport recognition and information extraction
4. Extracting business card information into a contact list
5. Make numeric versions of huge printed document, e.g. book scanning
6. Converting handwriting in real-time to control a computer (pen computing)
OCR USE IN BANKING
The banking industry is a significant consumer of OCR along with other economic
sectors such as insurance and securities.
The most common use of OCR is to properly manage cheques:
1. The handwritten cheque is scanned
2. Its details are transformed into digital text
3. The signature is validated
4. The check is cleared in real-time
All without human involvement. Although printing cheques have almost 100%
accuracy (only the signature verification requires matching a pre-existing database),
full autonomy for handwritten controls remains a long way to go.
OCR USE IN BANKING
THANK YOU