Storage devices and Media

Secondary storage devices

 Secondary memory
• Secondary memory consists of all permanent
storage.
• Secondary memory is non-volatile.
• Secondary memory is known as a Backup
memory , Backing storage or Additional
memory or Auxiliary memory.
Secondary memory
Characteristics of Secondary Memory

It is non-volatile, i.e. it retains data when

power is switched off.

It is large capacities to the tune of

terabytes.

It is cheaper as compared to primary

memory
Magnetic tape
Magnetic tape
•It is a very thin strip of plastic which is coated in a magnetic layer-Iron oxide.

•The data will be stored on the head of magnetic tape.

•The data will be stored on the magnetized area which is represented by 1

•The demagnetized area is represented by 0.

•Data is accessed by using serial access.

•The data transfer rate is fast Copy or moving.

•The data access time is slow because it’s follow the serial access. It will
take time to locate the specific file.
HDD
HDD
Hard disk device-HDD

•Most commonly used method to store data.

•Data is stored in a digital format on the magnetic surface called platters. Each platter
having two surfaces.

•Hard disk may have more then one patter based on it’s capacity.

•Data can be read using direct data access.

•The read and write head can move very quickly.50 times in a second from center to edge.

•The platter is rotate up to 10000 rpm per minute(Revolutions per minute)

•Read/write head contain a tiny magnet. It is used to read the data on the platter.

•The platter is made by glass, ceramic or aluminum which are coated in iron oxide.

•The map of the sector is stored in HDD called FAT-file allocation table.

•Latency- Time delay-because of the constant movement of head.

Portable hard disk device.
•Portable HDD connect the computer using USB cable.

•They can be used to prevent data loss and transfer the data
between two Computers

•Small in size compared with internal HDD.

•Data transfer rate/access time is fast but compared with internal

HDD it has lower performance
Optical storage devices.
• CD,DVD and Blu-ray are the optical storage devices.

•They rely the optical properties of laser, Which is used to

read and write data on the surface of the disk.

•The CD/DVD is coated with light sensitive organic dye or

thin layer of metal alloy coating to store data.

•Data is stored on the pits and land on the spiral track .

•What is optical? The physical action of light.

•Red laser(wavelength 780 nm) is used to read and write data in CD.

•DVD use 650 nm wavelength to read and write data for double layer.

•Blu-ray use 405 nm wavelength to read and write data for both
single and double layer. It has up to six layer.

•CD-R and DVD-R -> write only once.

•CD-ROM/DVD-ROM – only read.

CD-RW and DVD-RW -> read or write many times.

Advantages of Blu-Ray disk.
•Vey large capacity of storage.

•High speed data transfer rate.

•Data access time is faster then other optical device.

•Blu-Ray have inbuilt secure encryption system.

So it helps to prevent the data loss.

Data transfer rate is 36 Mbps where as the

DVD is 10 Mbps.

It has up to six layer.

Solid state drive-SSD

•A solid-state drive (SSD) is a semiconductor-based storage device

•SSD store the data by controlling the movements of electrons

within NAND chips.

•Two transistor are placed in each junction .

1. Floating gate considered as 1
2. Control gate considered as 0

•SSDs use flash memory chips to read and write data digitally.
Advantages
•Light weight and reliable.

•There is no moving part like HDD.

•High speed data access and transfer rate compared with HDD.

• 0.1 millisecond for SSD for HDD 10 millisecond

•They run much cooler then HDD.

•Most suitable for LAPTOP.

•It consume less power compared with HDD.

SSD-Endurance-> we can write 20GB of data per day over a 3 years

Pen drive/Memory stick

Portable storage device- use of solid state technology.

They connected through USB port.

The size is very small , light weight and portable.

Used to transfer the files between computers.

Very robust and does not require any addition software.

They are not affected by magnetic field.

Easy to lose due to small size.

Have to careful while removing from computer.

SD card-> secure digital card:

• Vey small card with very high-capacity memory.

• Used in portable digital camera, audio player, Smartphone , digital video
recorder and tablet.

XD card-> extreme digital card:

• Types of removable memory designed for digital cameras.

• It uses XD card reader.

Cfast Card:

• It used very small portable devices.

• It has no moving parts.
• It is used to store High end digital photos and video camera.