DATABASE

NORMALIZA
TION
 OUTLINE

01 02 03 04 05

Motivation What is Data Functional Normal Forms References

Normalization? dependency
MOTIVATION
● One of the most difficult tasks in developing a DB is about designing it.
● One simplest design approach is to use a big table and store everything.
● But what’s the problem with this?
○ Data Redundancy
○ Data consistency
MOTIVATION

DATA REDUNDANCY STUDENT_COURSE

● Wastes disk
Student Student Course
● Create maintenance problems Course ID
ID Name Name
- Insertion anomalies
- Update anomalies 111 Join C08 English
- Deletion anomalies
112 Alice C08 English

111 Join C02 French

MOTIVATION
LIBRARY_VISITOR
DATA
INCONSISTENCY Student Student Student In Out
ID Name Address Time Time
● Affect data integrity
● Lead to unreliable and 111 Join VN 07:00 10:00
meaning less information

STUDENT
Student Student Student Course
Dep
ID Name Address Register

111 Join EN IT 10:00

WHAT IS DATA NORMALIZATION?
● A technique for organizing the data into multiple related tables.

● Eliminate anomalies in data

○ Insertion anomalies
○ Deletion anomalies
○ Update anomalies

● Normal forms:
○ First Normal Form (1 NF)
○ Second Normal Form (2 NF)
○ Third Normal Form (3 NF)
○ Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)
○ Fourth Normal Form (4 NF)
○ Fifth Normal Form (5 NF)
○ Sixth Formal Form (6 NF)
 References

● https://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2022/08/database-normalization-a-step-b
y-step-guide-with-examples/
● https://opentextbc.ca/dbdesign01/chapter/chapter-12-normalization/
● https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/office/troubleshoot/access/database-normaliz
ation-description
● Hands-On Database: An Introduction to Database Design and Development
https://www.studocu.com/vn/document/truong-dai-hoc-cong-nghe-thanh-pho-
ho-chi-minh/tinh-toan-ket-cau/19-database-normalization/66511556
ABOUT DATA SCIENCE CONSULTING
INFOGRAPHICS THIS IS US

VENUS JUPITER
Venus is the second Jupiter is the biggest
planet from the Sun planet of them all

MARS SATURN MERCURY

Despite being red, Mars Saturn is composed of Mercury is the closest
is very cold hydrogen and helium planet to the Sun
ABOUT DATA SCIENCE CONSULTING
WHAT WE
INFOGRAPHICS BELIEVE

MARS EARTH MERCURY JUPITER

Despite being Earth is also Mercury is the Jupiter was
red, Mars is very known as the closest planet to named after a
cold Blue Planet the Sun Roman god
ABOUT DATA SCIENCE CONSULTING
INFOGRAPHICS OUR PROCESS

PROBLEM SOLUTION
Earth is the third planet Jupiter is a gas giant and
from the Sun and the only the biggest planet in the
one that harbors life in the Solar System. It's the
Solar System. This is fourth-brightest object in
where we all live the night sky
ABOUT DATA SCIENCE CONSULTING
INFOGRAPHICS
S STRENGTH
Venus is the second planet
from the Sun

WEAKNESSE
W S
Earth is also known as the
Blue Planet

OPPORTUNIT
O IES
Despite being red, Mars is
very cold

T THREATS
Jupiter is the biggest
planet of them all
ABOUT DATA SCIENCE CONSULTING
INFOGRAPHICS
THE PARTS 01 VENUS
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun

02 MERCURY
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun

03 JUPITER
Jupiter is the biggest
planet of them all

04 MARS
Despite being red, Mars
is very cold
ABOUT DATA SCIENCE CONSULTING
INFOGRAPHICS STEP BY STEP

VENUS
01 Venus is the second
planet from the Sun

JUPITER
Jupiter is the biggest
planet of them all
02
SATURN
03 Saturn is a gas giant and
has several rings
ABOUT DATA SCIENCE CONSULTING
INFOGRAPHICS OUR EVOLUTION

MARS
1999 Despite being red, Mars
is very cold
VENUS 20X
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun X
20X JUPITER
Jupiter is the biggest
X planet of them all
NEPTUNE 20X
Neptune is very far away
from the Sun X
ABOUT DATA SCIENCE CONSULTING
INFOGRAPHICS
Jupiter is the biggest
30% JUPITER planet of them all

Saturn is not the only

60% SATURN planet with rings

Despite being red, Mars

90% MARS is very cold
ABOUT DATA SCIENCE CONSULTING
INFOGRAPHICS SUCCESS ROAD
Venus is the Jupiter is the
second planet biggest planet of
from the Sun them all

STEP 2 STEP 4

STEP 1 STEP 3 STEP 5

Despite being Earth is the third Saturn was
red, Mars is very planet from the named after a
cold Sun Roman god
ABOUT DATA SCIENCE CONSULTING
INFOGRAPHICS OUR NUMBERS

60% 90% 70% 30%

MARS VENUS JUPITER EARTH

Despite being Venus is the Jupiter is the Earth is the third
red, Mars is very second planet biggest planet of planet from the
cold from the Sun them all Sun
ABOUT DATA SCIENCE CONSULTING
INFOGRAPHICS OUR VALUES

JUPITER SATURN NEPTUNE

Jupiter is the biggest Saturn is a gas giant and Neptune is very far away
planet of them all has several rings from the Sun
ABOUT DATA SCIENCE CONSULTING
INFOGRAPHICS WE STAND OUT
THEM US
Earth is the planet Mars is full of iron
with life 60% 100% oxide dust

Jupiter is a huge Saturn is the ringed

gas giant 40% 80% planet

Neptune is far Mercury is a small

away from us 20% 60% planet
ABOUT DATA SCIENCE CONSULTING
INFOGRAPHICSREVENUE FOR LAST
YEAR
$10,000,000
JANUARY APRIL $9,000,000
Mercury is the closest Venus is the second
planet to the Sun planet from the Sun $8,000,000

AUGUST DECEMBER $5,000,000

Earth is the planet where Saturn is a gas giant and
we all live has several rings
ABOUT DATA SCIENCE CONSULTING
INFOGRAPHICSYEARLY PLANNING
JAN Write down your own text JUL Write down your own text

FEB Write down your own text AGO Write down your own text

MA Write down your own text SEP Write down your own text
R
APR Write down your own text OCT Write down your own text

MAY Write down your own text NOV Write down your own text

JUN Write down your own text DEC Write down your own text
ABOUT DATA SCIENCE CONSULTING
INFOGRAPHICS Saturn is the Mercury is a
ringed planet small planet
SATURN MERCURY

JUPITER NEPTUNE
Jupiter is the Neptune is far
biggest planet away from us
ABOUT DATA SCIENCE CONSULTING
INFOGRAPHICS
50% MERCURY
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun

25% JUPITER
Jupiter is the biggest
planet of them all

35% MARS
Despite being red, Mars
is very cold
ABOUT DATA SCIENCE CONSULTING
INFOGRAPHICS OUR SERVICES

BASIC INTERMEDIATE PRO

● Mars is a red planet ● Jupiter is a big planet ● Saturn is a gas giant
● Despite being red, Mars ● Jupiter was named after a ● Saturn was named after a
is very cold Roman god Roman god

$50 $100 $200

ABOUT DATA SCIENCE CONSULTING
INFOGRAPHICS
INCOME
Saturn is the
ringed planet

COST
Mars is full of
iron oxide dust

PROFITS
Jupiter is the
biggest planet

Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here
ABOUT DATA SCIENCE CONSULTING
INFOGRAPHICS
VENUS 01 02 MARS
Venus is the second Despite being red, Mars
planet from the Sun is very cold

MERCURY 03 04 SATURN
Mercury is the closest Saturn is a gas giant and
planet to the Sun has several rings

JUPITER 05 06 NEPTUNE
Jupiter is the biggest Neptune is very far away
planet of them all from the Sun
ABOUT DATA SCIENCE CONSULTING
INFOGRAPHICS

45
MALE
% Venus is hot 30
FEMALE
SATURN NEPTUNE 25 % Mars is cold
Saturn is the Neptune is an ice OTHER
ringed planet giant % Jupiter is big

Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here
ABOUT DATA SCIENCE CONSULTING
INFOGRAPHICS ANNUAL TASKS

TASK 1 TASK 2 TASK 3

Venus is hot Earth has life Mars is very cold

20XX JAN-MAR APR-JUN JUL-SEP OCT-DEC

TASK 1 Mercury is a very small planet

TASK 2 Venus is hot

TASK 3 Mars is cold

ABOUT DATA SCIENCE CONSULTING
INFOGRAPHICS
NEW MARKETS NEW PRODUCTS

Mercury is a small planet Jupiter is the biggest planet

Venus has a toxic atmosphere Saturn has beautiful rings

Earth is the planet with life Neptune is far away from us

Mars was named after a god Pluto is a dwarf planet

ABOUT DATA SCIENCE CONSULTING
INFOGRAPHICS
MARS
Despite being red,
Mars is very cold

EARTH JUPITER
Earth is the third planet Jupiter is the biggest
from the Sun and the planet of them all
only one that harbors
life in the Solar System SATURN
Saturn was named after
a Roman god
ABOUT DATA SCIENCE CONSULTING
INFOGRAPHICS MARKET SIZE

1,00
10,000,000 100,000
0

VENUS JUPITER SATURN

Venus is the second Jupiter is the biggest Saturn is a gas giant and
planet from the Sun planet of them all has several rings
ABOUT DATA SCIENCE CONSULTING
INFOGRAPHICS OUR TIMELINE
0 Venus is the second
VENUS
1 planet from the Sun

0 Mercury is the closest

MERCURY
2 planet to the Sun

0 Earth is the third planet

EARTH
3 from the Sun
ABOUT DATA SCIENCE CONSULTING
INFOGRAPHICS
Mercury is the closest
50% planet to the Sun

Venus is the second

30% planet from the Sun

Earth is the third planet

10% from the Sun

Jupiter is the biggest

10% planet of them all
ABOUT DATA SCIENCE CONSULTING
INFOGRAPHICS 85%
MANAGEMENT
Mercury is very small

60%
ANALYTICS
Mars is very cold

70%
BUSINESS
Venus is very hot
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here
ABOUT DATA SCIENCE CONSULTING
INFOGRAPHICS

NEPTUNE

50% 70% 40%

JUPITER MERCURY SATURN

Jupiter is the biggest Mercury is the closest Saturn was named after a
planet of them all planet to the Sun Roman god
ABOUT DATA SCIENCE CONSULTING
INFOGRAPHICS
CHECKLIST
Add your task here X

TASKS FOR TODAY Add your task here

● Venus is the second planet
from the Sun Add your task here
● Despite being red, Mars is
very cold Add your task here
● Saturn is not the only planet
with rings Add your task here X
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