• What is the song about?

• What colored words in the video do you

remember?
To forgive means to stop feeling angry or resentful toward
(someone) for an offense, flaw, or mistake.

I CAN forgive you.

I MAY forgive you.
I WILL forgive you.
I MUST forgive you.
 1. What happened to the original sentence after we insert those words?
 The meanings are changed.

2. How does the inserted word changed the expression of the sentence?
 The inserted word can change a sentence's meaning into ability, possibility, willingness,
obligation

3. What are the inserted words called?

Modals/ Modal Verbs

 MODALS/
Modal Verbs
 A special type of helping verb;

 Use before action words like dance

and sing to add meaning to the word. can + dance
must + follow
 Alter or complete the meaning of the
main verb;
I can dance very well.
I must follow my leader .
1. “I drive my car to work”.  Driving his car is the way they get to
work every day.

2. “I can drive my car to work”.  He can drive to work if he chooses, but he

has other options, too.
 MODALS/
Modal Verbs

 Express ideas:
ability, possibility, willingness,

permission , obligation
MODALS/
Modal Verbs
Modal Verb + Base Verb

 They never change their form. You cannot must + follow

add "s" and "ed“ to the modals and the
verbs after them. Example:
I must follow my mom.

1. He can dances. 1. He can dance.

2. He can danced in the past. 2.He could dance in the past.
3. He cans dance. 3.He can dance.
 Ability:

Can :Present Ability Could :Past Ability

Emma could ride a bike when he

Mark can ride a bike well.
was young. ( now , not anymore)

before now
I ________ play the guitar 5 years ago.

I could play the guitar 5 years ago.

(ability in the past)

What is an eagle's ability?

An eagle can fly.
 Permission :
Can: Informal Could: Polite

Can I open the window, Could I open the window, please?

please?

May: More
polite /Formal
May I go to the toilet,
ma’am?
You want to ask your boss more details about your
job. Say it in a more polite or formal way.

May I ask more details about my job, sir?

Possibility:

Strong Possibility
Can • I can win this game, I have played
it many times.

Could • I could win this game, I have played it two times.

May • I may win this game. I have played it one time.

Might • I might win this game, I have seen my brother

playing it.

Weak Possibility
 Willingness :
the quality of being happy, ready or
eager to do something if it is needed:

Will: Present Would: Past

• I would clean my bed if I had
• I will clean my bed. enough time.
• My mom would cook the food if
• My mom will cook she was at home.
food.
 Obligation:

Have to Full and General External I have to wear a uniform to

Obligation/forced (rules
and laws.
Must More common for specific
and personal
obligation/necessity.
work. ( company rule)
I must do my homework.
( I think it is necessary to do my
homework.)

Should I ought to be/should be in the

Moral Obligation /More Common office before my boss comes.
Ought to
Moral Obligation /Less Common
 Type Modals Examples

1. Ability Can, Could, Mark can swim.

I could ride a bike when I was young.
Permission Can, Could, Can I open the window?
2. May May I borrow your dictionary?

Possibility Might, May It may rain tonight.

3. Can, Could It looks nice, but it could be very expensive.

Willingness Will/Would I will clean my bed.

4 I would clean my bed if I had enough time.
Must, Have to, I must memorized my part in the activity.
5. Obligation
Should, I have to wear my school uniform.
Ought to I should not talk loudly when I am on the bus.
Activity:

With your group, choose a representative and draw a strip

of paper from the box. Make a dialogue based on the
situation assigned to you. Use as many modals as you can.
You have 5 minutes to prepare and 2 minutes to present.
ANWERS:
1. could
2. must
3. have to
4. Can
5. will
6. can
7. Could
8. should/
ought to
9. May
10. might
II.
Directions: Make one sentence each type of modality ; ability,
obligation, permission, possibility, and willingness.
ASSIGNMENT:
Write an essay why
learning the modals of
prohibition, permission,
and obligation is
necessary. Minimum of
150 words. Use one
whole sheet of paper.