2 SCE USM POSTGRADUATE COLLOQUIUM

nd

Name: Nurul Syaza Mohamad

Matric Number: P-JM0003/20(R)

Title:
Optimization of Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid Performance Using
Encapsulated Borate-Crosslinked Fluid for Deepwater Application

Supervisor: Associate Professor Dr. Suzylawati Ismail

Field Supervisor: Mr. Ling Kong Teng (Schlumberger)

School of Chemical Engineering

Universiti Sains Malaysia
 Outlines
I Introduction Methodology
• Hydraulic Fracturing IV
• Borate-crosslinked fluid
• Delayed crosslinking

II Problem Statement V Results & Discussion

III Research Objectives VI Conclusion

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 Introduction

A borate crosslinked guar fluid system prepared by PfP

Technology
Information courtesy of Earthworksaction.org designed by Hannah Otto (2013) 3
 Problem Statement

Deepwater fracturing requires

high pumping rate

Problem
Crosslinking action occurs
Statement
at undesirable time

Factors controlling the

extent of delayed crosslinking
 Research Objectives

To formulate an optimum hydraulic fracturing fluid for deepwater reservoir

To evaluate gelation performance of borate-crosslinked

in guar gel system.
I

To investigate the main factors controlling the release

of boric acid in encapsulated crosslinked fluid.
II

To evaluate the performance of encapsulated crosslinked

fluid + breaker under simulated deepwater setting
III

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 Methodology
Borate-crosslinked gel Encapsulated crosslinked Breaker performance
performance evaluation gel performance evaluation evaluation
(Objective 1) (Objective 2 & 3) (Objective 3)

Delay time study

Formulation of crosslinked fluid Breaker performance study
• Gel loading
• Brine density Boric acid release Coreflow study
• Crosslinker loading • Temperature
• Temperature • pH
• Brine density
• Friction pressure
RSM Modelling I
1. Full crosslinking time
2. Viscosity RSM Modelling II
1. Boric acid release (%)
2. Viscosity
Rheology behaviour at
simulated deepwater setting
Shear sensitivity study
 Result & Discussion
Borate-crosslinked fluid Effect of gel loading Effect of gel loading

Parameters Test data References

Tan, H. C., Wesselowski, K. S., & Willingham, J. D. (1992). Delayed borate crosslinked fluids minimize pipe friction pressure.
Gel loading 30 – 40 ppt SPE Journal
Bagal, J., Gurmen, N. M., Holicek, R. A., Gadiyar, B. R., & Fredd, C. N. (2006).Engineered application of a weighted
Brine density 9 – 13 ppg fracturing fluid in deep water. SPE Journal.
Bjornen, K. H., Hodge, R. M., Cawiezel, K. E., & England, K. W. (2011). Shear sensitivity of borate fracturing fluids. SPE
Crosslinker loading 2– 10 ppt Journal
Temperature 77 – 350 ºF Hsu C. H. and Conway M. W. (1981) Fracturing Fluids for Deep, Hot Formations. Journal of Petroleum Technology 7
Boric acid release

Rheological performance

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Conclusion
Encapsulated high-temperature encapsulated crosslinked fluid

1) Provides a shield to retard the crosslink reaction to take place

2) Limiting the tubing friction and treating pressure
3) Improves fluid stability for a longer time than designed
4) Minimizes residual mass
5) Prevent shear degradation

Rate of boric acid release

Temperature
pH
Brine density
Friction pressure

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THANK YOU

School of Chemical Engineering

Universiti Sains Malaysia
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