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6 Anova
6 Anova
• Basic concepts
• One-way analysis of variance to test for
differences among the means of several groups
• Two-way analysis of variance and interpret the
interaction
• We use ANOVA.
or
μ1 μ2 μ3 μ1 μ2 μ3
QAM – II by Gaurav Garg (IIM Lucknow)
Assumptions of ANOVA
• Samples are randomly and independently drawn
• Each population is approximately normal
• May be checked by looking at histograms or
normal Q-Q plots
SSE ( x ij x i ) 2
i 1 j 1
Ti 2
Sum of Squares due to Treatments : SST CF
i ni
1820
• Batch 4: 1510 1520 1530 1570 1600 1680
• Perform an analysis of variance of these data and
show that a significance test does not reject their
homogeneity.
0
Fc = 25.275
Fα = 3.89
• Assumptions
The populations are normally distributed.
The samples are independent.
The variances of the populations are equal.
as well as
QAM – II by Gaurav Garg (IIM Lucknow) jth level of Factor
G2
Correction Factor : CF
abm
1
Sum of Squares due to Factor A : SSA
mb i
T Ai CF
2
1
Sum of Squares due to Factor B : SSB
ma j
T Bj CF
2
1
Sum of Squares due to Interactio n : SSAB
m i j
Tij2 SSA SSB CF
Factor A
↓ Total
American 265 310 TA1 = 1165
270 320
(T11 = 535) (T12 = 630)
Italian 250 300 TA2 = 1100
245 305
(T21 = 495) (T22 = 605)
Total TB1 = 1030 TB2 = 1235 G = 2265
• SSE = 87.5
QAM – II by Gaurav Garg (IIM Lucknow)
• ANOVA Table
Source of SS df MS Variance Critical F
Variation Ratio
Factor A 528.125 1 528.125 24.14286 7.70865
Factor B 5253.125 1 5253.125 240.1429 7.70865
Interaction 28.125 1 28.125 1.285714 7.70865
Error 87.5 4 21.875
Total 5896.875 7
• FAc ~ F(1,4)
• FBc ~ F(1,4)
• FABc ~ F(1,4)
• Critical Value at 5% level of Significance = 7.70865
QAM – II by Gaurav Garg (IIM Lucknow)
• In “pasta” example:
Mean Response
Factor B Level 1
Factor B Level 3
Factor B Level 2
Factor B Level 2
Factor B Level 3
No Significant Significant
Interaction Interaction