CO_22516_Operating System

UO-3
Mrs. P. S. Gaidhani, Lecturer, Guru Gobind Singh Polytechnic, Nashik.
Services & Components of Operating System
Learning Objective/ Key learning

 Explain process the OS follows in managing the given resource.

Contents
 OS Components.
OS Components:
1. Process Management:
 Process: A program is in execution is a process
 Ex. A word-processing program being run by an individual user on a PC is a
process or
A system task, such as sending output to a printer, can also be a process
 Single Threaded & Multi Threaded

 Process Mgt Purpose: manages many processes running simultaneously on

the operating system.
 Every running software application program has one or more processes
associated with them. Here are the following functions of process
management in the operating system, such as:
 Process creation and deletion.
 Suspension and resumption.
 Synchronization process
 Communication process
Reference Book Used: Abraham Silberschatz-Operating System Concepts -9 th Edition-Page No:24 & 25
1. Process Management:

Here are the following functions of process management in the operating

system, such as:

 Process creation and deletion.

 Scheduling Processes
 Thread Management(Single/Multithreaded)
 Suspension and resumption.
 Synchronization process
 Communication process
2. File Management:

 A file is a set of related information defined by its creator.

 It commonly represents programs (both source and object forms) and data.
 Data files can be alphabetic, numeric, or alphanumeric.
 Files are normally organized into directories to make them easier to use.
 When multiple users have access to files, it may be desirable to control which
user may access a file and how that user may access it (for example, read,
write, execute,append).

The operating system has the following important activities in connection

with file management:
 Creating & deleting files
 Creating and deleting directories to organize files
 Mapping files onto secondary storage
 Backing up files on stable (nonvolatile) storage media.
Reference Book Used: Abraham Silberschatz-Operating System Concepts -9 th Edition-Page No:26 & 27
3. Network Management:

 Network management is the process of managing computer networks.

 Organizing and managing the Active and Passive Network Elements
 Network management is the process of keeping your network healthy for
an efficient communication between different computers.
 Services provided like
 Network Fault analysis
 Network Configuration
 Network Troubleshooting
 Network Performance Management
 Maintain Quality of Service
 4. Maim Memory Management:
 Memory is a large array of words or bytes, each with its own address.
 The CPU reads instructions from main memory (MM) during the instruction-
fetch cycle and both reads and writes data from MM during the data-fetch
cycle

An Operating System performs the following functions for Memory

Management in the operating system:

 It helps you to keep track of primary memory.

 Determine what part of it are in use by whom, what part is not in use.
 In a multiprogramming system, the OS decides which process will get
memory and how much.
 Allocates the memory when a process requests.
 It also de-allocates the memory when a process no longer requires or has
beenBook
Reference terminated.
Used: Abraham Silberschatz-Operating System Concepts -9 th Edition-Page No:25 & 26
5. Secondary Storage Management:
 The most important task of a computer system is to execute programs.
 These programs help you to access the data from the main memory during
execution.
 This memory of the computer is very small to store all data and programs
permanently.
 The computer system offers secondary storage to back up the main
memory.

Here are some major functions of secondary storage management in the

operating system:
 Storage allocation
 Free space management
 Disk scheduling
6. I/O Device Management:
 The role of the operating system in computer I/O is to manage and control
I/O operations and I/Odevices.
 One of the important use of an operating system that helps to hide the
variations of specific hardware devices from the user.

The I/O management system offers the following functions, such as:
 Hide the details of H/W devices
 It provides general device driver code
 Manage main memory for the devices using cache, buffer,
 It provides drivers for particular hardware devices.
7. Security Management:
 The various processes in an operating system need to be secured from other
activities.
 Security Management refers to a mechanism for controlling the access of
programs,
 Therefore, various mechanisms can ensure those processes that want to operate
files, memory CPU, and other hardware resources should have proper
authorization from the operating system.
Summary
So today we learn-
 OS Components