CO_22516_Operating System

UO-1
Mrs. P.S.Gaidhani, Lecturer, Guru Gobind Singh Polytechnic, Nashik.
Services & Components of Operating System
Learning Objective/ Key learning

 Start, stop and restart the given service in Linux.

Contents
 Different Services of operating system

Service ??.

Environment for the

execution of the program
Different Services of Operating System:
A View of Operating System Services:
1. User Interface
CLI: Command
Line Interface

Batch Interface

GUI: Graphical
User Interface

CLI: which uses text commands and a method for entering them
Batch Interface: commands are entered into files, and those files are
executed.
graphical user interface (GUI) is used. Here, the interface is a window system with a
pointing device to direct I/O, choose from menus, and make selections and a keyboard to
enter text.
2. Program Execution:
 OS provide facility to user to create program then it loads in memory and
finally get executed.
 After successful execution, program get terminated successfully (Normal
Execution)
 After unsuccessful execution , program terminated abnormally by indicating
errors (Abnormal Execution)

Following are the major activities of an operating system with respect to program
management −
 Loads a program into memory.
 Executes the program.
 Handles program's execution.
 Provides a mechanism for process synchronization.
 Provides a mechanism for process communication.
 Provides a mechanism for deadlock handling.
3. I/O operation:

 It provide facility to perform input/output operation with hardware or

different process.

 OS manages the communication between user and device drivers

 e. g read or write data on I/O device.
 3. File Manipulation:
 Program needs to read a file or write a file.

 The operating system gives the permission to the program for operation on
file.

 Permission varies from read-only, read-write, denied and so on.

 Operating System provides an interface to the user to create/delete

files/directories.

 Operating System provides an interface to create the backup of file system

4. Error Detection:
 OS needs to detect and correct the errors constantly

 Errors may occur in

 CPU
 Memory
 I/O devices &
 In user programs.

 For each type of error, OS must take corrective step to recover from that.
 5. Communication:
 One process needs to exchange information with another process

 Exchange of information can be placed on the same computer or on

different systems tried together by a network.

 Communication Implemented via

• Shared memory : in which two or more processes read and write to a shared
section of memory
• Message passing: which packets of information in predefined formats are moved
between processes by the operating system.
 6. Protection:
 Protection refers to mechanism or a way to control the access of programs,
processes, or users to the resources defined by a computer systems.

 OS ensures that external I/O devices are protected from invalid access
attempts.

 OS provides authentication feature for each user by means of a password.

7. Resource Allocation:
 Allocating resources to multiple users or multiple jobs running at the same
time.

 Resource may be hardware – CPU, Memory, I/O Device or software-

Programs.

 It must handle situation in such manner that all user get resources
whenever they demand
8. Accounting:
 Keep track of which users use how much and what kinds of
computer resources
 This record keeping used for accounting
 It can be use to detect error or to add some resources or for
protection purpose.
Summary
So today we learn-
 Different services of operating system.