Periodic Table of

Elements
 1 18
1 Lanthanoid Actinoid 2

H 2 Post -Transition 13 14 15 16 17 He
Non-metal Metalloid Metal Halogen
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be Alkali Metal
Transition
Metal Alkaline Metal Noble Gas B C N 0 F Ne
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Al Si P S Cl Ar
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo T c Ru Rh P d Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
55 56 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Ti Pb Bi Po At Rn
87 88 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118

Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71

La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103

Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
 1 18
1 2

H 2 Post -Transition 13 14 15 16 17 He
Non-metal Metalloid Metal Non-Metal
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be Alkali Metal
Transition
Metal Alkaline Metal Noble Gas B C N 0 F F
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Al Si P S Cl Ar
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo T c Ru Rh P d Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Non-metals
55 56 have72
high
73
ionization
74 75 76
energies
77 78
and80 81 82 83 84
79 85 86

electronegativities.
Cs Ba Hf Ta They
W areRe generally
Os Ir P poor
t Auconductors
Hg Ti Pb of heat
Bi Po At Rn

and87
electricity.
Fr Ra
88
Solid
104 105
nonmetals
106 107
are
108
generally
109 110 111
brittle,
112 113
with
114
little
115 116 117 118

Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
or no
Take Memetallic luster. Most nonmetals have the ability to gain
Back
electrons easily. Nonmetals display a wide range of chemical
properties and reactivities.
 1 18
1 2

H 2 Post -Transition 13 14 15 16 17 He
Halogen Metalloid Metal Non-Metal
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be Alkali Metal
Transition
Metal Alkaline Metal Noble Gas B C N 0 F F
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Alkali
Mg 3 metals
4 5 are6 silvery,
7 8soft,9 and10 not11 very Al SiThey
12 dense. P can S Cl Ar
19 20
easily
21
be cut
22 23 with
24 a 25butter26 knife,
27 and 29cesium
28 30 can
31
even
32
melt34in 35 36
33
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
the palm of your hand. They have low melting points and are
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr
incredibly
Y
reactive--so reactive that they must be stored in I Xe
Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te
55 56 special 72 solutions
73 74 or75 containers
76 77 78 to 79prevent
80 81an 82unintended
83 84 85 86

Cs Bareaction. Ta ofWwhat
Hf Part Os Iralkali
Re makes Au Hgso Ti
Pt metals Pb Bi
reactive is that
Po At Rn
87 88 they have104 one
105 electron
106 107 in108
their109outermost
110 111 electron
112 113 layer.
114 Like
115 so 117 118
116
Fr Ramany otherRf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
metals, the alkali metals want nothing more than to Take Me
have electronic structures like their famously stable and Back
unreactive cousins, the noble gases.
 1 18
1 2

H 2
Properties
13 14
of Transition
15 16
Metal
17 He
Post -Transition
Halogen Metalloid Metal Non-Metal
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be Alkali Metal
Transition
Metal Alkaline Metal Noble Gas B
• Low N 0 energies
C ionization F F
1
1
12 • Positive
13 14 15 oxidation
16 17 states
18

Na Mg 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Al Si Poxidation
• Multiple S Cl states,
Ar
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 since
32 there
33 34is a low
35 energy
36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Z n Ga gap As Sethem
Gebetween Br Kr
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
• Very
49 50
hard
51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo T c Ru Rh P d Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
• Exhibit metallic luster
55 56 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
• High melting points
Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Ti Pb Bi Po At Rn
87 88 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112
•113High
114
boiling
115
points
116 117 118
Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn
• High electrical conductivity
Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
• High thermal conductivity
Take Me • Malleable
Back
 1 18
1 2

H 2 Post -Transition 13 14 15 16 17 He
Halogen Metalloid Metal Non-Metal
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be Alkali Metal
Transition
Metal Alkaline Metal Noble Gas B C N 0 F F
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
The post-transition elements are Al, Ga, In, Tl, Sn, Pb and Si P S Cl Ar
Na Mg 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Al
Bi. 19As 20their21 name
22
implies,
23 24
they
25
have
26
some28 of 29the 30
27 31 32 33 34 35 36
characteristics
K Ca Scof the transition
V Crelements. They tend to be Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Ti Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn
softer
37
and
38
conduct
39
more41poorly
40 42
than
43
the44transition
45
metals.
46 47 48 49 50 51 54
52 53
Physical
Rb Sr
Properties:
Y
Soft or brittle, poor mechanical
Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
strength,
55 56
melting points
72
lower74than75transition
73 76
metals,
77 78
boiling
79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
points are also usually
Cs Ba
lower than transition metals, high
Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Ti Pb Bi R
Pon At Rn
85

density. At
87 88 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og

Take Me
Back
 1 18
1 2

H 2 Post -Transition 13 14 15 16 17 He
Halogen Metalloid Metal Non-Metal
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be Alkali Metal
Transition
Metal Alkaline Metal Noble Gas B C N 0 F F
11 12 13 15 16 17 18
Metalloid (or "semi-metal" or "poor metal"). The metalloids are 14
Na Mg 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Al Si P S Cl Ar
B, Si,
19
Ge,
20
As,
21
Sb,22 Te, 23Po and
24
At.
25
They
26
sometimes
27 28
behave
29 30
as
31 32 33 34 35 36
semiconductors
K Ca Sc (B,TiSi, V Ge) rather than as conductors.
Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
METALLOIDS
37 38 39 are 40 generally
41 42 solids,
43 44 can45 be46 shiny
47 or48 dull
49 50 51 52 53 54
(luster),
Rb Sr may or
Y may Zr not Nbbe drawn
Mo Tc intoRwire
u R(ductile)
h Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
may55 or 56
may not be72hammered73 74 flat
75 (malleable),
76 77 may 79or may
78 80 not 81 82 83 84 8585 86

be Cs
brittle,
BaconductHfheat TaandWelectricity
Re Osbetter Ir than Au Hg Ti Pb Bi Po At Rn
Pt nonmetals,
but87not 88as well as 104metals,
105 tend
106 to 107make
108 good
109 semiconductors,
110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
Frboiling
have Ra points RfthatDb areSgwidelyBh varied,
Hs Mt Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
Rg points
haveDsmelting
that are widely varied, have densities that are widely varied. Take Me
Back
 1 18
1 2

H 2 Post -Transition 13 14 15 16 17 He
Halogen Metalloid Metal Halogen
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be Alkali Metal
Transition
Metal Alkaline Metal Noble Gas B C N 0 F F
11 12
The halogens are the family of chemical13elements 14 15
that
16 17 18

Na Mg 3includes
4 5fluorine
6 (atomic
7 8 symbol
9 10 F),11 chlorine
12 Al(Cl),
Sibromine
P S Cl Ar
19 20 21 (Br),
22 iodine
23 (I), and
24 25 astatine
26 27 (At).
28 The 30halogens
29 31 32 make
33 up
34 35 36
K Ca Sc Group
Ti V
VIIACrof Mnthe FePeriodicCo Ni Table Cu Zof n G a G
the e As Se Br Kr
elements.
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51
Elemental halogens are diatomic molecules. However, due 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
55 56
to their
72 73
high74 reactivity,
75 76
the
77
halogens
78 79
are 81
80
never82 found83
in 85 86
84

Cs Ba nature
Hf Ta in native
W Reform. Os TheIr Pfamily
t Au nameHg Timeans Pb Bi "salt-Po At Rn
87 88 forming".
104 105The 106salinity
107 of the109oceans
108 110 on Earth
111 112 is due
113 114 in115
large116 117 118
Fr Ra partRfto Db
suchSghalogenBh Hssalts Mt (halides)
Ds Rg as Nh Flchloride
Cn sodium Mc Lv Ts Og
Take Me
Back (NaCl) and potassium iodide (KI).
 1 18
1 2

H 2 Post -Transition 13 14 15 16 17 He
Halogen Metalloid Metal Non-Metal
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be Alkali Metal
Transition
Metal Alkaline Metal Noble Gas B C N 0 F F
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Al Si P S Cl Ar
19 20 21 The
22 alkaline
23 24 earth
25 26metals
27 (beryllium
28 29 30 (Be),
31 magnesium
32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc(Mg), V Cr Mn
Ti calcium (Ca),Festrontium
Co Ni (Sr), n Ga G
Cu Zbarium e As Se Br Kr
(Ba), and
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y
radium (Ra)) are a group of chemical elements in the s- I Xe
Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te
55 56 block
72 of the
73 74 periodic
75 76 table
77 with 79very80similar
78 81 properties:
82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba shiny,
Hf silvery-white,
Ta W Re somewhat Os Ir Preactive
t Au Hmetals
g Ti at Pbstandard
Bi Po At Rn
87 88 temperature
104 105 106 and
107 pressure,
108 109 110 readily
111 112 lose
113 their115two116 117 118
114
Fr Ra Rf Db electrons
outermost Sg Bh Hs to form Ds Rgwith
Mt cations Cna Nh Fl Mclow
2+ charge, Lv Ts Og
Take Me
densities, low melting points, low boiling points, Back
 1 18
1 2

H 2 Post -Transition 13 14 15 16 17 He
Halogen Metalloid Metal Non-Metal
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be Alkali Metal
Transition
Metal Alkaline Metal Noble Gas B C N 0 F F
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Si P S Cl
11 12 Al Ar
Noble gases are colorless, odorless, tasteless, and nonflammable gases
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
under standard conditions. In the periodic table, the noble gases are
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
37 38
arranged
39 40
according
41 42
to their
43 44
boiling point.47The 48noble49 gases 50
are
51
relatively
45 46 52 53 54
nonreactive. In fact, they are the least reactive elements on the periodic I
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te Xe
55 56
table. 72This73is because
74 75
they76have77a complete
78 79
valence
80
shell.82They83have
81 84
little85 86
tendency to gain or lose electrons. In 1898, Hugo Erdmann coined the
Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Ti Pb Bi Po At Rn
87 88
phrase104"noble
105
gas"
106
to107
reflect
108
the109low 110
reactivity
111
of112these
113
elements,
114 115
in 116
much117 118

Fr Ra the same way as the noble metals are less reactive than other metals. The
Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
noble gases have high ionization energies and negligible
Take Me electronegativities. The noble gases have low boiling points and are all
Back gases at room temperature.
 1 18
1 Lanthanoid 8
2

H 2 Post -Transition 13 14 15 16 17 0e
H
Halogen Metalloid Metal Non-Metal
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 8
10

Li Be Lanthanide, also called Lanthanoid, anyBof Cthe Nseries

Alkali Metal
Transition
Metal Alkaline Metal
Alkaline
Noble Gas
Metal 0 F of 150
F
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 8
18

Na Mg
consecutive
3 4 5
chemical
6 7 8
elements
9 10 11
in 12the Alperiodic
Si P table S Clfrom 0
Ar
19 20 lanthanum
21 22 23 to 24
lutetium
25 26(atomic
27 28numbers
29 30 57–71).
31 32 With
33 34scandium
35 368
K Ca Sc Ti V theyCr Mn Fe up Cothe Cu Zn Gametals.
Ni rare-earth Ge AsTheirSe Br Kr 0
and yttrium, make 51
atoms
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 52 53 8
54
Rb Srhave
Y similar
Zr Nb configurations
Mo Tc Ru Rh and Pd similar
Ag Cd physical
In Sn Sand b Te chemical
I Xe 0
55 56 behaviour;
72 73 the74 most
75 common
76 77 78 valences
79 80 81are82 3 and
83 844. 85
These 8
86

Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Ti Pb Bi Po At R 0n
87 88
elements are also
104 105 106
called
107 108
the
109
lanthanoid
110 111 112
elements.
113 114 115 116 117 118
8
Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts 0g
O
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
Take Me Er Lu
La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Tm Yb
Back
89
8 90
8 91
8 92
8 893 894 895 896 97
8 8
98 99
8 100
8 8101 8102 103
8

0
Ac 0
Th 0
Pa 0 0 A0m C0m Bk
0 Pu
U Np 0 0
Cf 0
Es Fm0 No
0 Md 0 Lr
0
 1 18
1 Lanthanoid
Halogen Actinoid 8
2

H 2 Post -Transition 13 14 15 16 17 0e
H
3 4 Actinoid element,
Halogen
also called Actinide element,
Metalloid Metal
5 6 any
Non-Metal
7 of a 8 series
9 8 of
10

Li Be Transition
B C
Alkaline
N 0 F 0
F
11 12
15 consecutive
Alkali Metal
chemical
Metal
elements in
Alkaline Metal
the periodic
Noble Gas
Metal
table from
8
13 14 15 16 17 18

Na actinium
Mg 3 4 to lawrencium
5 6 7 8 (atomic
9 10
numbers
11 12
89–103).
Al Si P AsS a Cl group,
0
Ar
19 20they
21 are 22 significant
23 24 largely
25 26 because
27 28 29 of 30
their31radioactivity.
32 33 34 Although
35 368
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr 0
37 38
several
39 40
members
41 42
of 44the 45group,
43 46 47
including
48 49
uranium
50 51
(the most 8
52 53 54
Rb familiar),
Sr Y Zroccur
Nb M naturally,
o Tc Rumost Rh P are
d A man-made.
g Cd In SBoth n Sburanium
Te I and Xe0
55 56
plutonium 72 have
73 74been 75 used
76 77in atomic
78 79 weapons
80 81 82for 83
their84 explosive
85 8
86

Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Ti Pb Bi Po At R 0n
87 88
power and currently
104 105 106 107
are108being
109
employed
110 111 112
in113nuclear
114 115
plants
116
for the
117 118
8
Fr production
Ra Rf of Dbelectrical
Sg Bh power. Hs Mt TheseDs Rg elements
Cn Nh Fl are Malso
c Lv called
Ts theO 0g
actinide578 elements.
58
8 8
59 60
8 61
8 62
8 863 864 65
8 8
66 67
8 8
68 869 870 871

Take
0
La 0
Ce 0
Pr Nd 0 0
Pm Sm 0
0 Eu 0
Gd 0
Tb 0 Ho
Dy 0
0 Er 0 Yb
Tm0 Lu
0
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
Me
Back Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
  Component of hydrochloric acid or
1

H
1.008
most commonly known as muriatic
acid

 Used as fuel to launch a rocket.

Hydrogen

 An ingredient in making
Take Me
cleaning chemicals, fiber textile Back
and glass.
  Most commonly used for
2 inflating decorative balloons

He
4.003

 Used for scanning barcodes at

checkouts using helium-neon
Helium gas lasers.

 Also used to inflate airbags as

Take Me
Back helium can diffuse quicker than
most unreactive gases.
 Lithium is used for mental illnesses, including bipolar
disorder, depression, and schizophrenia.

Li
6.941

 Used in making rechargeable

batteries

Lithium

Take Me
Back
 4 9.012

Be
 Beryllium alloys are used in making
connectors, springs, switches, and other
components of electronic and electrical
devices for aerospace, automobile,
Beryllium computer, defense, medical,
telecommunications, and other products.

Take Me
Back
  Boron is a mineral that is found in food

B
5 10.811

such as nuts and the environment. People

take boron supplements as medicine.

Boron

 Used as a whitener in laundry Take Me

Back
and cleaning products.
  Component of carbon dioxide which is the air
that we breathe out.

C
6 12.011

 Mainly used as fuel, example coal

Carbon
 Diamond is purely made of carbon

Take Me
Back
  Used in food

N
7 14.007
preservation

 Used in manufacturing Nitrogen

electronic devices to
helps to prevent them
from overheating and
burning themselves up Take Me
Back
after hours of
 The air that
we breathe in

O
8 15.999

 Used in
hospitals for
patients.

Oxygen
 Ozone that is made of 3 oxygen
(O3), protects us from UV Take Me
Back
radiation.
 Flouride is an ingredient
in making toothpaste.
9

F
18.998

Flourine

 Used to make
Take Me non-stick pans
Back
 The reddish-orange
neon lights are used
in making
advertisement signs. 10 20.180

Ne
 A mixture of
helium and neon
is used for
Neon
respiration by
marine divers in
the sea
Take Me
Back
  One of the component of salt (NaCl)
11 22.990

Na Sodium  The body uses sodium to control blood

pressure and blood volume. Your body also
needs sodium for your muscles and nerves to
work properly.
Take Me
Back
12 24.305
 About 60% of the magnesium in human body is

Mg
found in bone, while the rest is in muscles, soft tissues
and fluids, including blood.
 Magnesium is required for the proper growth and
maintenance of bones, proper function of nerves,
muscles, and many other parts of the body. In the
Magnesium
stomach, magnesium helps neutralize stomach acid
and moves stools through the intestine.
 In fact, every cell in your body contains
it and needs it to function.

Take Me
Back
  This element is highly versatile metal because it is used
13 26.982
for a wide range of many applications such as:

Al
Aluminum
 Making body parts of vehicles or means of
transportation

 Provides a low-cost, lightweight protective

covering for electrical wiring.

 Smartphones, tablets, laptops, and flat screen

TVs are being made with an aluminum.

Take Me
Back
 Silicon is the second most common  An ingredient to create cosmetics,
element in earth's crust. hair conditioners, and shampoos.

 Silicon is used in the

14  Used in making solar panels

Si
28.086
production of fire
bricks. and lasers

Silicon

Take Me
Back
  One of the major industrial uses of

P
15 30.974

phosphorous is in the manufacturing of

fertilizer.
 Phosphorus is the sixth most abundant element
in the body, found in our teeth and bones which
Phosphorus
are made of calcium phosphate
 Used in making matches

Take Me
Back
  Sulfur is a chemical element that is present in

S
16 32.066
all living tissues. After calcium and phosphorus,
it is the third most abundant mineral in the
 human
Sulfur isbody.
also found in garlic, onions, and
broccoli.
Sulfur
 Today, it's most common use is in the
manufacture of sulfuric acid, which
in turn goes into fertilizers, batteries
and cleaners.

Take Me
Back
  Chlorine is widely used as disinfectant
particularly helps keep drinking water and
swimming pools safe.
 During the production of paper and cloth,
17 35.453
chlorine is used as a bleaching agent. It is also

Cl
used in cleaning products, including household
bleach which is chlorine dissolved in water.
 Chlorine chemistry is used to manufacture
bullet-resistant vests worn by soldiers and police
Chlorine
officers, parachutes and night vision goggles.

Take Me
Back
 Argon is also used in producing laser, the kind that is mainly
in the medical field, as it is capable of targeting areas with
extreme precision.
 Argon, along with neon and krypton,
is used for producing neon lights.
 Used in welding and casting
industries.
18 39.948

Ar Argon
Take Me
Back
 Potassium is the third most abundant mineral in the body. It
helps the body regulate fluid, send nerve signals and regulate
muscle contractions.  Potassium is one of the
many elements found
19 39.098
in fireworks and

K
pyrotechnics of all
kinds.
 Also an ingredient in making
Potassium fertilizers
Take Me
Back
 Calcium hydroxide solution is used as
blackboard chalk and as Plaster of
Paris
 Calcium carbonate is
20 40.078 also added to

Ca
toothpaste and mineral
supplements.

 The main role of

Calcium calcium in the body is to
provide structure and Take Me
strength to the skeleton. Back
 Scandium is mainly used to create high-intensity
lighting (used mainly for photography and
television/movies).
 Scandium is resistant to corrosion (rusting) and
has a high melting point which makes it desirable
21
for use in sporting equipment, such as baseball
44.956
bats and bicycle frames.

Sc
Scandium
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Back
  Titanium metal is as strong as steel but lighter in
22 47.867
weight which makes them ideal for frames and

Ti
engines of aircraft.
 A titanium tube is ideal for the production of
pacemakers and other surgical instruments,
crutches and dental equipment, hip and joint
Titanium
replacements, all essentially boosting the quality
of life of patients.
 Also used in jewelry
making
Take Me
Back
 85% of all the vanadium produced goes into steel, 10% goes
into alloys of titanium and 5% into all other use - small
amount of vanadium adds strength, toughness, and heat
resistance.
23 50.942

VVanadium

 Vanadium-steel alloys are used to make extremely

tough tools such as axles, armor plates, car gears, Take Me
Back
springs, cutting tools, piston rods and crankshafts.
 Chromium is a versatile metal that has many uses, usually
mixed with other metals to form an alloy called stainless steel.

24 51.996
 Chromium plating can be used to give a polished

Cr
mirror finish to steel like car bumpers.

Chromium

Take Me  Stainless spoon and fork contains chromium.

Back
  Improves the rolling and forging qualities, as well as the
strength, toughness, stiffness, hardness, wear resistance,
and hardenability
 Used toof steels.
purify drinking water and treat waste
water.
25 54.938
 Ingredient in making dry-cell batteries

Mn
Manganese

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 Iron is the cheapest and most important of all metals –
important in the sense that iron is overwhelmingly the most
commonly used metal, accounting for 95 percent of worldwide
metal production.
26 55.845

Fe Iron

 Iron is essential for human brain development. Iron

Take Me
Back deficiency in children leads to, among other problems
an impaired ability to learn.
  Cobalt salts are used to impart blue and
27 58.933 green colors in glass and ceramics.

Co Cobalt

 Cobalt is used in alloys for aircraft engine

parts
 Cobalt is used in electroplating, a process in
which a layer of material is applied to an Take Me
object to give it a particular aesthetic or Back

protective quality.
  Nickel is a key part of several rechargeable battery systems
used in electronics, power tools, transport and emergency
power supply.
 Most nickel production is used for alloying
28 58.693
elements, coatings, batteries, and some other

Ni
uses, such as kitchen wares, mobile phones,
medical equipment, transport, buildings, power
generation and jewellery.
 Nickel was commonly used in the making of coins
Nickel

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Back
 Copper has an excellent electrical conductivity which makes
it most commonlly used in electrical equipment such as
wiring and motors.
29 63.546

Cu Copper

 Copper alloy is used to make utensils, tableware, Take Me

Back
and jewellery.
  Zinc is currently the fourth most widely
consumed metal in the world after iron,
30 65.38
aluminum, and copper. It has strong
anticorrosive properties and bonds well with

Zn
other metals.
 Used in rubber manufacturing and as a
protective skin ointment.
 Zinc is also important for health. The human
Zinc
needs zinc for the body's enzymes and immune
system to function properly. It is also
Take Me
important for taste, smell, and to heal wounds.
Back
  Low melting gallium alloys are used in some
31 69.723
medical thermometers as non-toxic

Ga
substitutes for mercury.

Gallium

 Gallium arsenide is used in semiconductor

Take Me
Back production mainly for laser diodes, light-emitting
diodes and solar panels. It is also used to create
brilliant mirrors.
32 72.631
 The most common use of germanium is as a

Ge
semiconductor.

 Germanium is used in the manufacture of

wide-angle camera lenses.
Germanium
 Germanium is used for heart and blood
vessel conditions, including high blood
pressure, high cholesterol, and heart disease;
for eye conditions, including glaucoma and
cataracts; and for liver conditions, including
Take Me
hepatitis and cirrhosis. Back
  As a result of its toxicity, arsenic compounds
are used in wood preservation and
insecticides.
 Arsenic is harmful when consumed in large
amounts.
33 74.922
 Arsenic is sometimes alloyed with lead to

As
form a harder, more durable metal. Some
areas of use include car batteries and bullets.

Take Me
Arsenic Back
 Selenium is mineral that is found in soil and occurs naturally
in certain foods (such as whole grains, sunflower seeds, and
seafood).

34 78.971

Se
 Selenium sulfide is used in
anti-dandruff shampoos.

Selenium

Take Me
 Selenium is used in the glass industry to decolorize Back

glass and to make red-colored glasses and enamels.

 Bromine compounds are used as pesticides, dyestuffs, water
purification compounds, and as a flame-retardants in
plastics.

35 79.904

Br Bromine
Take Me
Back
 Krypton is used in lighting products like the high-powered,
flashing airport runway lights, energy-saving fluorescent lights
and in incandescent bulbs.

Kr
36 83.798

Krypton

Take Me
Back
 One of the main uses of rubidium is in the production of the
beautiful purples that are seen in fireworks.

37 85.468

Rb Rubidium

 Rubidium is an ingredient in making

Take Me
Back
special glasses that are used in fiber
optics telecommunications systems
and in night-vision devices.
 Strontium is used for producing glass (cathode ray tubes)
for color televisions.
 Using strontium
38 87.62
chloride with

Sr
strontium acetate in
toothpaste relieves
pain in sensitive
teeth.
Strontium

 Research shows that a special prescription form

Take Me of strontium (strontium-89 chloride) reduces pain
Back
from metastatic bone cancer.
  If you watch television, it's yttrium oxide that is giving the
red color to the images you see on your TV screen.

39

Y
88.906
 Garnet, a gemstone, is
created by combining
yttrium and iron.

Yttrium

 Yttrium-90, is used in treatments for various

Take Me
cancers and is used in precision medical Back
needles to sever pain-transmitting nerves in
the spinal cord.
 Zirconium is used as to make surgical instruments and is used
in steel alloys as a hardening agent.

40

Zr
91.224

Zirconium

 Zircon is a natural gemstone and synthetic cubic Take Me

Back
zirconia is produced as a low-cost substitute for
diamond.
 Niobium is used with iron and other elements in stainless steel
alloys.

41 92.906
 Niobium alloys

Nb
are strong and
are often used in
pipeline
construction.
Niobium

 Niobium is used in jewelry because it can form Take Me

rainbows of color and because it is Back

hypoallergenic.
  Molybdenum is combined with sulfur to
42 95.95
form molybdenum disulfide, which helps
lubricate two-stroke engines, bicycle coaster

Mo
brakes, bullets and ski waxes and more.
 Molybdenum is also used in paints and dyes.
Zinc molybdate is used in paint primers; for
Molybdenum instance, it is used to paint the metal surfaces
of boats.
 Molybdenum improves the strength of steel at
high temperatures. It also helps with resistance to Take Me
chloride corrosion, which is helpful for steel used Back
in pipelines or marine environments.
 Technetium was the first artificially produced (man-made)
element.

43 98.907

TcTechnetium

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Back
 Technetium is a popular diagnostic tool in medicine.
 Small amounts of ruthenium are used to harden platinum and
palladium and it can also be alloyed with these metals to make
electrical contacts for severe wear resistance.
44 101.07
 Ruthenium oxides  Fountain pen nibs also
are used for large-

Ru
contain Ruthenium.
scale production of
chlorine.

Ruthenium  The addition of 0.1% ruthenium

improves the corrosion resistance
of titanium a hundred times over. Take Me
Back
  Its main use is in catalytic converters of cars
where it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust
45 102.906 gases.

Rh Rhodium
 It is used for coating optic fibers and optical
mirrors.

 Rhodium is used as an alloying agent for hardening

and improving the corrosion resistance of platinum Take Me
Back
and palladium.
 46 106.42
 Palladium is used in dentistry, watch
making, and in making surgical instruments

Pd
and electrical contacts.

 Palladium is used in dentistry, watch

making, and in making surgical instruments
Palladium
and electrical contacts.
 About 85% of palladium ends up in the exhaust
systems in cars, where it helps turn toxic
pollutants into less-harmful carbon dioxide and Take Me
water vapor. Back
 Silver is the number one choice for electronics or anything
electrical such as printed circuit boards, switches, TV screens,
telephones, microwave ovens, children’s toys and computer
keyboards.
47 107.868

Ag Silver

 Being an attractive, reflective and moldable metal,

Take Me silver is used in jewelry and silverware. It is the
Back
cheaper alternative to gold. A little polish allows it to
shine for a lifetime.
 Compounds containing cadmium are used in black and white
television phosphors, and in the blue and green phosphors for
color television picture tubes.
48 112.414

Cd Cadmium

 Cadmium’s major use is in batteries. Take Me

Back
  Indium has been called a "metal vitamin" in
49 alloys. That means that very small amounts

In
114.818

of indium can make big changes in an alloy.

For example, very small amounts of indium
are sometimes added to gold and platinum
alloys to make them much harder.
Indium
 The single most important use of indium is in
making coatings. For example, some aircraft
parts are made of alloys that contain indium.
The indium prevents them from wearing out Take Me
or reacting with oxygen in the air. Back
 The most familiar use of tin is the tin can.
 Tin metal is malleable, ductile and not easily oxidized in
air; it’s also lightweight, durable and fairly resistant to
corrosion.

50 118.711

Sn Tin
Take Me
Back
 The major use of antimony is in lead alloys – mainly for
use in batteries – adding hardness and smoothness of
finish.
51 121.760
 Antimony trioxide is

Sb
used as a flame
retardant in adhesives,
plastics, rubber and
textiles.
Antimony

 Lead-antimony alloys are used for solder,

ammunition, fishing tackle, covering for electrical Take Me
cables, alloys that melt at low temperatures, and Back

batteries.
 Tellurium is used as a coloring agent in ceramics.

52 127.6  Tellurium is also used in the electronics

Te
industry, for example with cadmium and
mercury to form photosensitive
semiconductors. Cadmium telluride (CdTe)
is used as a thin film in solar panels to
Tellurium convert sunlight into electricity.
 It is used in vulcanizing rubber and in catalysts for Take Me
petroleum cracking and in blasting caps for Back
explosives.
 53
 Iodine’s other uses include catalysts, animal

I
126.904
feeds and printing inks and dyes.
 A solution containing
potassium iodide and
iodine in alcohol is used
to disinfect external
Iodine
wounds.

 Eating foods that provide enough iodine is a must

when it comes to supporting your overall thyroid
Take Me
health. The thyroid gland, which is located in the Back
neck, requires iodine to produce metabolic hormones
that are used throughout the body.
  Instruments like bubble chambers, and X-ray and
neutron counters use xenon for radiation detection.

54 131.293

Xe Xenon

 The primary use of xenon is in lamps like fluorescent Take Me

Back
lamps and produces "neon" lights.
  Cesium clock or more known as atomic clock is
55 132.905
used to allow cell phones, GPS, and the internet

Cs
to work. Cesium clocks are incredibly accurate.

Cesium

 Cesium also plays a role in getting oil to run your car

and power your home. Cesium can be used in some Take Me
Back
forms of oil drilling, acting as a lubricant and
maintaining pressure.
  Barium is used as an ingredient throughout
56 137.328 the paint manufacturing industry as a

Ba
pigment in white paint and high-quality
paint.
 Barium chloride is widely used in glass
manufacturing.
Barium  The compound barium hydroxide is used in
the refining process of the oils we use to cook
with.
 The barium chloride used in glassmaking
is also a valuable tool in the textile Take Me
Back
industry, it is used in dying fabric and
weighting silk.
 Combining hafnium with niobium produces a compound that
withstands extreme heat, so that compound is seen in rocket
engines.

72  Hafnium is also used in photographic flash

Hf
178.498

bulbs, light bulb filaments, and in electronic

equipment as cathodes and capacitors.
 Hafnium metal dust presents a fire and
explosion hazard, has no known toxicity and
Hafnium
is completely insoluble in water,
Take Me
Back
 Tantalum is used in the electronics industry for capacitors and
high power resistors.
 In sheet form, it is
73 commonly used in linings

Ta
180.948

for columns, vessels,

tanks, heat exchangers,
and vacuum furnace
parts.
Tantalum

 The metal is used in dental and surgical Take Me

Back
instruments and implants, as it causes no immune
response.
  It has the highest melting point of all metals.
 Tungsten is the primary alloy component in steels
74

W
183.84 used for tools and construction.

Tungsten

 Light bulb filaments are one of the most well-

known applications of tungsten. Tungsten finds its Take Me
Back
largest commercial application in the lamp
industry.
75 186.207  Rhenium is used with platinum as catalysts

Re
in the production of lead-free, high-octane
gasoline.
 Alloys containing rhenium also have many
other applications. They are used in making
devices that control temperatures, heating
Rhenium
elements, vacuum tubes, electromagnets,
electrical contacts, metallic coatings, and
thermocouples.
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Back
  Osmium is principally used alloyed with
76 190.23
other metals in the platinum group to

Os
produce very hard alloys.
 An alloy of 90% platinum and 10% osmium
is used in surgical implants such as
pacemakers and replacement heart valves.
Osmium
 Osmium tetroxide is used in
microscopy as a stain for fatty
tissue and in fingerprint detection.
Take Me
Back
77 192.217  Out of all the elements in the world, iridium

Ir
is the rarest element of them all.
 It is primarily used as a hardening agent for
platinum. Platinum-iridium alloys are used
to make crucibles and other high
Iridium
temperature equipment. Iridium is also
alloyed with osmium to make the tips of
fountain pens and compass bearings.
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Back
  In certain chemical forms, platinum has the
ability to slow or stop the division of living
cells. Platinum-based drugs have been
78 195.085 developed to treat a widerange of cancers.
Platinum in a

Pt
powdered form,
it is often used as
a catalyst in
chemical
Platinum
reactions.

 Platinum has many qualities that make it ideal

Take Me
for use in jewelry, and that is second largest Back
source of platinum demand.
  Gold is extremely ductile, conducts
79 196.967 electricity, doesn’t stain, blends and alloys

Au
well with other metals and can be easily
broke down to sheets and wires.

Gold

 Gold is considered as a highly auspicious and precious metal

it is used in the making of winning medals for popular world
games, championships and awards. Take Me
 About 78% of gold consumed each year is made into Back
jewelry.
  Mercury is the only element that is liquid at room
temperature.
 Mercury and all its compounds are known to
80 200.592 be highly toxic.

Hg
 Mercury also used to be used
as a component for dental
amalgams for making fillings
for teeth.
Mercury  Mercury(II) fulminate is an
explosive used as a primer in
firearms.
Take Me
 Commonly used in thermometers. Back
  Thallium sulfate, which is odorless and
81 colorless, was used as a rat poison and as an

Tl
204.383

insecticide. This use has been discontinued in

some countries, including the USA.
 Thallium sulfide (Tl2S), thallium iodide (TlI)
and thallium bromide (TlBr) are all
Thallium
compounds used in devices to detect infrared
radiation.
Take Me
Back
82 207.2
 The principal consumption of Lead is for the

Pb
Lead-Acid storage battery.
 It is a metal that has been used since Roman
times for making paints and pipes as a
corrosion resistant.
Lead  The metal element is hazardous for humans and
would target the vital internal organs leading to
several cases of lead poisoning. Also, it is said to
hamper the growth of organs and the brain of
young children.
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Back
 Bismuth is usually mixed with other metals, such as lead, tin,
iron or cadmium to form low-melting alloys. These alloys are
used in such things as automatic fire sprinkler systems, fire
detection systems and electrical fuses.
 Bismuth carbonate is used to treat diarrhea
and gastric ulcers.
83  Bismuth oxide, a bismuth compound, is used

Bi
208.980

as a yellow pigment in paints and cosmetics.

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Back
Bismuth
  Polonium is used in antistatic devices and for research
purposes. It is used in the form of a thin film on a stainless
steel disc as an alpha-particle source.
84 208.982

Po Polonium

 Also used to eliminate static electricity produced Take Me

during processes such as rolling paper, wire and Back

sheet metal.
  It is a halogen but it behaves somewhat like a
metalloid and forms a cation in very acidic

At
85 209.987
solutions. Astatine is a highly radioactive
element and it is the heaviest known halogen.
Its chemical properties are believed to be
similar to those of iodine.
 The total amount of astatine in the earth's crust
Astatine at any particular time is less than 30 grams and
only a few micrograms have ever been
artificially produced.
 There are currently no uses for astatine
Take Me outside of research.
Back
  Radon emitted from a radium source can be
used in cancer therapy. It was commonly used in
86 222.018 hospitals for the treatment of tumors through

Rn
implantation of minute tubes in which the gas
was sealed. Today, it has been replaced by safer
treatment options.
 Researchers use radon soil-concentration to map
Radon subsurface geological faults since concentrations
generally increase over the faults. Groundwater
radon concentrations are also analyzed for
Take Me earthquake prediction.
Back
 Commercially, there are no uses for francium, due to its rarity
and instability. It is used for research purposes only.

87 223.0

Take Me
Fr Francium

Back
 Radium now has few uses, because it is so highly radioactive.
 Radium-223 is sometimes used to treat prostate cancer that has
spread to the bones. Because bones contain calcium and radium
is in the same group as calcium, it can be used to target
cancerous bone cells. It gives off alpha particles that can kill the
cancerous cells.  Radium used to be used in
88 226.025 luminous paints, for example in

Ra
clock and watch dials. Although
the alpha rays could not pass
through the glass or metal of the
Take Me
watch casing, it is now considered Back
Radium to be too hazardous to be used in
this way.
  Rutherfordium is used for research purposes only.

104 261

Rf
Rutherfordium

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Back
 This radioactive synthetic metal has only been produced in tiny
amounts and is used for research purposes only.

105 262

Db Dubnium

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Back
  The element was named after Nobel prize winner Glenn
Theodore Seaborg, the American nuclear chemist.and is used
for research purposes only.

106 266

Take Me
Back
SgSeaborgium
  The element was named after Nobel prize winner Glenn
Theodore Seaborg, the American nuclear chemist and is used
for research purposes only.

107 266

Bh Bohrium

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Back
 Bohrium was first claimed to have been produced in the USSR
in 1976 and is used for research purposes only.

108 269

Hs Hassium
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Back
  The element was named after physicist Lise Meitner. It is
harmful due to its radioactivity and is used for research
purposes only.

109 278

Take Me
Back
MtMeitnerium
 Darmstadtium was first synthesized by research scientists at
the Heavy Ion Research Laboratory in Darmstadt, Germany in
1994 and is used for research purposes only.

110 281

Take Me
Back
DsDarmstadtium
 The element is named after physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
who discovered X-rays in 1895 and is used for research
purposes only.

111 280

RgRoentgenium
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Back
 The element is named after astronomer and mathematician
Nicolaus Copernicus and is used for research purposes only.

112 285

Take Me
CnCopernicium

Back
  Nihonium was discovered on August 12, 2012 by Kosuke
Morita’s RIKEN collaborative team in Japan. It was the first
chemical element ever discovered in Asia. This element is used
for research purposes only.

113 286

Nh Nihonium
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Back
 Element 114, flerovium, was first made in Dubna, Russia in
1998 and is used for research purposes only.

114 289

Take Me
Fl
Flevorium

Back
 Moscovium is harmful due to its radioactivity and is used for
research purposes only.

115 289

Take Me
Back
McMoscovium
 Livermorium is harmful due to its radioactivity and is used for
research purposes only.

116 293

Take Me
Back
LvLivermorium
 Tennessine is harmful due to its radioactivity and is used for
research purposes only.

117 294

Take Me
Back
Ts
Tennessine
 Oganesson is harmful due to its radioactivity and is used for
research purposes only.

118 294

Take Me
Back
Og Oganesson