GROUP NO.

04
Pathogenesis of diseases
caused by drugs.
Pathogenesis of diseases
caused by drugs.
These diseases can be either caused by the
following;
1. Legal/ administered drugs e.g ibuprofen &
acetaminophen.
2. Illegal drugs e.g cocaine & heroine.
 CANCER
 In normal cells, genes regulate growth, maturity
and death of the cells.
 Tumor suppressor genes, these genes normally
inhibit cell division and prevent survival of cells that
have damaged DNA. In patients with cancer these
tumor suppressor genes are often disabled. This is
caused by presence of oncogenes and cancer-
promoting genetic changes.
 Some of drugs are like Fentanyl (oesophagus
cancer) & Gabapentin(renal pelvis).
 Cancer cont...

 Tumor suppressor genes: is a gene that regulates a

cell during cell division and replication
 An oncogene: is a mutated gene that has the
potential to cause cancer. Before an oncogene
becomes mutated, it plays a role in regulating
normal cell division
 DRUG-INDUCED HEPATITIS
 It's an inflammation of the liver caused by
harmful(toxic) amounts certain chemicals
substances e.g acetaminophen & anabolic steroids.
 Certain drugs/chemicals bind to the intracellular
proteins that inhibit mitochondrial function.
 This causes decrease in ATP production in
hepatocytes, leading to actin disruption. This
causes blebs and rupture of membrane, hence cell
necrosis.
 Actin is a protein found in smooth muscle responsible for muscle
contraction, cell motility, cell signalling but also organelles
movements.
 HYPERTENSION
 Some drugs, like non-steroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs & cocaine, can generate
dangerous and sudden high blood pressure.
 Vasodilatation or vasoconstriction within the
systemic circulation, and the retention or
excretion of sodium and water, to maintain
an adequate circulating blood volume is very
essential in maintaining blood pressure.
 Hypertension conti....
 Dysfunction in any of these processes can
lead to the development of hypertension.
This may be through increased cardiac
output, increased systemic vascular
resistance, or both.
 Blood vessels become less elastic and more
rigid due to usage of certain drugs which
reduces vasodilatation or vasoconstriction,
and increases systemic vascular resistance,
leading to a higher blood pressure.
 STROKE
 Until 2018 stroke was classified as a disease
of the blood vessels.
 Stroke is a neurological disorder
characterized by blockage of blood vessels.
Clots form in the brain and interrupt blood
flow, clogging arteries and causing blood
vessels to break, leading to bleeding.
Rupture of the arteries leading to the brain
during stroke results in the sudden death of
brain cells owing to a lack of oxygen.
THANK
YUO