Classful addressing

and
Classless addressing
 MADHAV INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE
A GOVT. AIDED UGC AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTE, AFFILIATED TO R.G.P.V. BHOPAL (M.P.), INDIA
NAAC ACCREDITED WITH A++ GRADE

Networking with TCP/IP (150512)

Topic - Classful addressing and Classless addressing
PROFICIENCY IN COURSE
Presented By:
Presented To: Akanksha Rangari (0901CS211011)
Prof. Hemlata Arya Akash Tiwari (0901CS211012)
Assistant Professor Akhil Jain (0901CS211013)
Dept. of Computer Science & Engg. Anisha MInj (0901CS211014)
Anjali Prajapati (0901CS211015)
 Table of contents

1 Introduction 2 Basics of IP Addressing

3 Classful Addressing 4 Classless Addressing

Classful Vs
5 Classless 6 Conclusion
Addressing
 Introduction
In the essentials of TCP/IP networking, a computer network is a group of some
interconnected computers that are sharing a common or different resources provided on
or by network nodes. These sharing or communication between the machines is
governed by some set of rules or network protocols. These computers or machines are
identified by network addresses, and may have hostnames. Four levels of addresses are
used in an internet employing the TCP/IP protocols: physical (link) addresses, logical
(IP) addresses, port addresses, and specific addresses.
 Basics of IP Addressing
An IP address is a unique address that identifies a device on the internet or a local network.
IP stands for "Internet Protocol," which is the set of rules governing the format of data sent
via the internet or local network.

An IP address is a 32-bit long numeric address represented in a form of dot-decimal

notation where each byte is written in a decimal form separated by a period. For example
128.11.3.31 where 128 represents first 8 bits, 11 next 8 bits and so on. The first three bytes
of an IP address represents the network and the last byte specifies the host in the network.
Each number in the set can range from 0 to 255. So, the full IP addressing range goes from
0.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255.
 Classful Addressing

The first addressing system to be implemented as part of the Internet Protocol

was Classful Addressing. In the year 1981, the Classful addressing network
architecture was first used on the Internet. The Classful addressing system was
superseded by a Classless addressing scheme with the introduction of Classless
Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) in 1993.
• The IP address comprises up of 32 bits and is split into four sections separated by
dots: part 1, part 2, part 3, and part 4.
• The IP address is made up of four parts, each of which is eight bits long (1 byte).
• Further, the 4 parts of the IP address is divided into parts: a network ID and a
Host ID.
 Types of Classful Addressing

Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D, and Class E are the five varieties of Classful
addresses. In IPv4, this classification is known as Classful addressing
• The first three classes, Class A, B, and C, are used for "public addressing", in
which communication is always one-to-one between source and destination.
• The reserved categories include Class D and Class E, with Class D being utilized
for multicast and Class E being saved for future usage exclusively.
• In IPv4, the Network ID is the first part of Class A, B, and C, while the Host ID
is the remaining second portion.
• The Host ID always indicates the number of hosts or nodes in a certain network,
whereas the Network ID always identifies the network in a specific place.
 Classless Addressing
Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) is another name for classless addressing.
This addressing type aids in the more efficient allocation of IP addresses. This
technique assigns a block of IP addresses based on specified conditions when the
user demands a specific amount of IP addresses.
To reduce the wastage of IP addresses in a block, we use sub-netting. What we do
is that we use host id bits as net id bits of a classful IP address. We give the IP
address and define the number of bits for mask along with it (usually followed by
a ‘/’ symbol), like, 192.168.1.1/28. Here, subnet mask is found by putting the
given number of bits out of 32 as 1, like, in the given address, we need to put 28
out of 32 bits as 1 and the rest as 0, and so, the subnet mask would be
255.255.255.240.
 Classless Addressing
For example, assume the classless address is 192.168.1.35/27.
• The network component has a bit count of 27, whereas the host portion has a bit
count of 5. (32-27)
• The binary representation of the address is: (00100011. 11000000.
10101000.00000001).
• (11000000.10101000.00000001.00100000) is the first IP address (assigns 0 to all
host bits), that is, 192.168.1.32
• (11000000.10101000.00000001.00111111) is the most recent IP address (assigns
1 to all host bits), that is, 192.168.1.63
• The IP address range is 192.168.1.32 to 192.168.1.63.
 Classful vs Classless
Classful addressing is a technique of Classless addressing is a technique of
allocating IP addresses that divides them into allocating IP addresses that is intended to
five categories. replace classful addressing in order to reduce
IP address depletion
Addressing with a class is less helpful as of Addressing without a class is more practical
now. and helpful

The network ID and host ID change based on In classless addressing, however, there is no
the classes in classful addressing. distinction between network ID and host ID.

Classful addressing requires more It requires less bandwidth. Thus, fast and less
bandwidth. expensive

Regular or periodic updates Triggered Updates

Classful vs Classless
 Conclusion

In summary, the transition from classful to classless addressing signifies a

crucial evolution in IP management. Classless addressing, notably through
CIDR, brings flexibility and efficiency by allowing variable-sized subnets. This
shift addresses the limitations of fixed class sizes, promoting optimal use of IP
resources and scalability—a vital upgrade for modern, dynamic networks.
Understanding this progression is key for efficient IP address allocation in
today's interconnected world.
Thank you