Seminar Presentation

ZIGBEE BASED HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM

By

Shashwat Mehta
Reg. No.: 170907482
Roll No.: 58, Section: B

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal

 Contents

• Introduction
• Why Zigbee protocol comes into picture
• Hardware and Software Analysis of the Protocol
• Comparison of Zigbee with Other protocols
• Conclusion
• Scope of Work
• References

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal

 Introduction
•With the surge in elderly population across the globe and
with the increment in their average life expectancy, it is
the prime responsibility of the government and the people
around them to give them the utmost care and look after
them in all possible ways.
•Along with that to provide extravagant and luxurious
lifestyle, Home Automation System is a better approach
with an inbuilt and automatic approach. The paradigm of
the smart home has been shifted towards Wireless remote
control, high rate data transmission and communication
control.
•Harmony to household controllers and to converge the
transmission stipulation through Home Automation is the
+
indispensable aspect of the smart home

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal

 What is Zigbee Protocol

• Zigbee is based on IEEE 802.15 standards. Zigbee is a Global

wireless sensing and control network. which have been
focusing on simple and Monitoring devices
• It provides sense and control with Interoperability.
• This allows Zigbee networks to be formed ad-hoc, with no
centralized control or high-power transmitter/receiver able to
reach all of the devices
• In our home automation system, Zigbee transmit the data in a
beacon mode where the coordinators and routers actively
monitors the incoming state of data and more power is
consumed. So it requires more power supply and its overall
power consumption is low as most of the devices are in
inactive state.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal

 Working Principle of Zigbee
System

 It was important to come up with a new protocol which can be suited for low range
data transfer and could be efficient in the application like Home Automation System. It
is important to analyze the touchstone and the fundamentals required to the hardware
and software components involved in it and how they are synced to each other.
 Zigbee is a small -power wireless communication technology map out for keeping the
track and control in the devices
 It includes energy detection, clear channel assessment and channel robustness which
provides device the authority to pick the best available channel and to circumvent other
wireless networks such as Wi-Fi
 Zigbee Topology manipulates with the help of ‘Mesh Topology. According to the
Mesh Topology, It can clearly Interconnects with 65,000 nodes.
 Center node acts as PAN Coordinator while the rest of the nodes/sensors acts as an
Reduced Functional devices / receiver
 Coordinator is responsible for handling and storing the information while transmitting
and receiving the data.
 Router acts as an intermediating devices that transmit data to pass and through other
devices.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal

 Circuit Diagram continued

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal

 Explanation of Circuit Diagram

• We are using Zigbee C2S30 as a mediator for transmitting and receiving the
commands from transmitter to appliances. The key components from the transmitter
sides are microphone and Zigbee transmitter unit.
• There should be a command unit which will detect the voice command such as
“ON” or “OFF” and act as an input to the transmitter side. Then the same data is
further reciprocated to the receiver side of the Zigbee.
• The function of the receiver unit is to collect all the transmitted commands and
signals and then to evaluate and analyze with all the commands that are stockpile at
the receiver end. The key elements at the receiver side are 89S52 microcontroller
and relay units.
• The task which is to be performed or the output completely depends on the voice
commands which has been transmitted from the input side and it can be connected
to different appliances like Turn on the Fan, Lights etc
• The striking feature of this protocol is almost all the homemade appliances can be
made autonomous and function through our voice command. Low power
consumption and less expensive are another aspect of this protocol

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal

 Hardware Components Involved

• Hardware part of the system comprises of Zigbee (transmitter and

receiver), ATMEL 895552,4-5 relays and home appliances. Due to the
range confinement Zigbee Network comes under the category of PAN
(Personal Area Network) with take in of Zigbee transmitter and receiver
• The mode of communication between microcontroller and Zigbee is
provided through USART (Universal Synchronous Asynchronous
Transmitter and Receiver).
• The voices and speech which is sent by the device is captured by the
microcontroller and through the Zigbee transmission protocol, the
control characters are sent to the designated and specified appliance
addresses.
• The circuit should be accessible and understandable to the characters
and the words that we are sending. It is further associated with 8 bit data
out microcontroller which can be used for further development

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal

 Software Analysis of Zigbee System

• The given automation system complies of two of the major IDE

software i.e. Keil uvision and Speech Recognition Software. This
software is an integrated development environment (IDE), which
integrated a text editor to write programs, a compiler and it will convert
the source code to hex files too.
• And speech recognition is used to access the control signal from user
and transmit it to Zigbee transmitter.
• In the further action/implementation of the Automation System, the data
acquired from Zigbee receiver MCU will pass on the control signal to
the relay which is linked to our home appliances.
• Voice recognition application are carried out through HM, 2007 IC. The
program which is primarily in action is C language. The schematic
diagram for this system which consists of all major modules was
designed by the protease ISIS 7 professional edition

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipa l

 Comparison of Zigbee with
Other Protocols

•The data rate of Zigbee protocol is much better in indoor as

compared to outdoor.
•Although the data rate is higher in Bluetooth protocol but it is
not considered due to large ranging of Coverage Area.
•Always response time and delay plays an important role.
When we have a large coverage area then we have a larger
response time and therefore the performance and efficiency of
the system is affected.
•Therefore in Home Automation system it is always advisable
to go for Zigbee protocol compared to WiFi and Bluetooth
protocol for shorter range

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal

 Comparison of Zigbee with other protocol
continued

•Zigbee also consumes Low power and Low energy in mesh

networking while Bluetooth required high power
consumption.
•Zigbee posses the advantage of working in POS( Personal
Operating Standards) of 10m along with the mobility of the
connecting devices.
•Network Latency, Security, Power Profile and Operating
Frequencies are other striking features of the Zigbee Based
Automation System.
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal
 Conclusion
• Wireless communication is an easy approach to layout the network
communication at places where there is a shortage of wired
infrastructure.
• It provides the additional advantage of the mobility of the
communicating entities, according to the convenience of the end user
without any extra cost required for cabling and wiring.
• We have discussed about a Home Automation System based on voice
recognition.
• A demonstration system was developed with a low cost and high
performance microcontroller, energy metric IC and Zigbee module.
• Conclusively this device proposed here can fulfil the required data rate,
data transmission speed and low power consumption which can be
contemplated at different home appliances.
• And therefore the Zigbee Technology takes less time for transmission
with high data rate in modern appliances
1. ~

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal

 Scope of Work

• Future homes will be able to offer almost all required services, e.g communication, medical
,energy, utility, entertainment and security. As we move into the next generation more and
more devices will develop to connect with each other without any manual intervention.
• The main focus of the automation is the smart transfer of the streams of data( in bits and
bytes) between the devices without relying on human.
• Now a days computer which can initiate data mining by themselves and further utilisation
of that data to modify the aspects of home environment.
• Some of the automation applications like how a thermostat can gauge the temperature of
the room and control the cooling system accordingly or how a automated washing machine
is designed and programmed in such a way that it knows the exact functionalities. To
manage these devices efficiently is the need of future automation system.
• With the collaboration of Data Mining and Big Data Computing, the enhancement in the
home automation technology is possible.
• PERT is the next generation Home Automation System that gives user the access to control,
monitor and secure our appliances with just one touch of smartphone. There are many
advanced features like Time Scheduler event to carry out our routine tasks which otherwi se
would be a tedious task.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal

 References
[1].H ardam and I Coskan “A remote controller for home and office appliances” IEEE
Transactions on Consumer Electronics Vol 44

[2] K Bromley, M Perry and G Webb “Trends in Smart Home Systems connectivity and
services”, www.nextwave.org.uk 2003

[3] N Kushirv, S Suzuki and H Takahara “Integrated home gateway controller for home
energy management system”, IEEE International conference on Consumer Electronics

[4] N Kushirv, S Suzuki and H Takahara “Integrated home gateway controller for home
energy management system”, IEEE International conference on Consumer Electronics

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal

 References Continued

• [5]. Johng Bong Lee “Smart Home Digitally engineered Domestic Life”, Lecture
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 2003,7(20)

• [6]. J Jacobson “Understanding Home Automation Electronic House, May 2001,

14(6):18-21

[7]. Wireless Home Automation System using Zigbee by S Benjamin

Arul ,International Journal of Science and Engineering Research, Volume 5

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal

 THANK YOU
END

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MIT, Manipal