GENERAL

PHYSICS 2
LEONARD RAY B. DE VILLA
SUBJECT TEACHER
 Title Lorem Ipsum
General Physics 2
Quarter 3 – Week 3-4

CAPACITORS
 What is the difference between a capacitor
and a battery?
Energy Storage:
Electric Field Chemical
 What is the difference between a capacitor
and a battery?
Storage Capacity:
More
Less
 What is the difference between a capacitor
and a battery?
Charge/Discharge:
Slow
Fast
Basic Parts of a CAPACITOR
Basic Parts of a
CERAMIC
CAPACITOR

What is a
Dielectric?
INSULATOR
Basic Capacitor Used in
Circuit Board

Mica Ceramic
Capacitor Capacitor

Electrolytic
Capacitor
Basic SYMBOL used for Capacitors in
Engineering Drawing
Larger Capacitors are
used in

induction motors,
ceiling fans
and Air Conditioning units
CAPACITORS used in
Large Buildings

POWER FACTOR
CORRECTION
What are the values located on the side of
the capacitor?
CAPACITANCE
The capacitor’s ability to store
electric charge is called
capacitance.
The SI unit for
capacitance is farad, F.
CAPACITANCE

1 farad is equivalent to 1
coulomb per volt (C/V).
These other units include 1 microfarad
μF which
has a value of 10-6 F; 1 nanofarad nF
which has a value of 10-9 F; and 1
picofarad pF which has a value of 10-12
 Q C V

Convert µF to F
Substitute Values to
the Formula
 C Q V

With a given charge of

 E C V2

Convert µF to F

Substitute values to
the Formula
 CAPACITANCE
Capacitance can also be determined using the
area A of the plates and the properties of the
dielectric material between the plates. Thus, for
a parallel plate capacitor, where the capacitance
is directly proportional to the area A of each
conducting plate and inversely proportional to
the distance d separating the two plates. In
mathematical equation it is expressed as:
CAPACITANCE
 ACTIVIT
Y: What is the capacitance of a
1.
parallel plate capacitor with metal
plates, each of area 1.00 m ,2

separated by 1.00 mm?

2. What charge is stored in this
capacitor if a voltage of 3.00 × 103 V
is applied to it?
 CAPACITORS IN
SERIES:
When the capacitors are placed in a
connection where the circuit elements are
arranged side by side each other as shown in
the figure 2 below, the capacitors are in
series connection.
 CAPACITORS IN
SERIES:
Capacitors in series all have the
same current so each capacitor
stores the same amount of
charge regardless of its
capacitance.
 CAPACITORS IN
SERIES:
The reciprocal of the equivalent
capacitance in a capacitor connected in
series is the sum of the reciprocal of the
individual capacitance of the capacitors.
This means that the equivalent
capacitance is always less than the
individual capacitance.
 CAPACITORS IN
SERIES:
Since the charge in the equivalent
capacitor is the same for both
capacitors, then the potential
differences across each capacitor
can be calculated using:
A capacitor is an electronic component that stores electrical
energy in an electric field. It is made up of two conductive
plates separated by an insulating material, known as a
dielectric. Capacitors are used in a wide range of electronic
circuits and are essential for many electrical systems to
function correctly.
The capacitance of a capacitor is the ability of the capacitor
to store electrical charge. The greater the capacitance of a
capacitor, the more charge it can store. The unit of
capacitance is the farad (F). Capacitance is calculated using
the formula C=Q/V, where C is capacitance, Q is charge and
Types of Capacitors There are many different types of capacitors
available, each with its own unique characteristics and
applications. Some of the most common types include:
1. Ceramic Capacitors: These are the most common type of
capacitor and are used in a wide range of electronic circuits.
They are made of ceramic materials and are inexpensive, small
and reliable.
2. Electrolytic Capacitors: These capacitors are made of
aluminum or tantalum and are polarized, meaning that they must
be connected to a circuit in a specific direction. They have a high
capacitance but can be more expensive than other types of
capacitors.
Types of Capacitors There are many different types of capacitors
available, each with its own unique characteristics and
applications. Some of the most common types include:
3. Film Capacitors: These capacitors are made of a thin film of
metal deposited on a plastic or paper substrate. They have a low
leakage current and can be used in high-frequency applications.
4. Tantalum Capacitors: These are similar to electrolytic
capacitors but are made of tantalum instead of aluminum. They
have a high capacitance and are often used in audio and power
supply circuits.
Types of Capacitors There are many different types of capacitors
available, each with its own unique characteristics and
applications. Some of the most common types include:
5. Supercapacitors: These are also known as ultracapacitors or
electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs). They have a very high
capacitance and can store large amounts of energy. They are
often used in applications where a high amount of energy is
required for a short period.
Applications of Capacitors
Capacitors are used in a wide range of electronic circuits and are
essential for many electrical systems to function correctly. Some of the
most common applications of capacitors include:
1. Filtering: Capacitors can be used to filter out unwanted signals in a
circuit.
2. Timing: Capacitors can be used in timing circuits to control the timing
of signals.
3. Power Supply: Capacitors are often used in power supply circuits to
store energy and regulate voltage.
4. Audio Circuits: Capacitors are used in audio circuits to control the
frequency response of the circuit.
CAPACITORS CONNECTED IN
SERIES
To solve for the total capacitance, follow these steps:
Identify the individual capacitances of the capacitors in the
series connection.
Take the reciprocal of each capacitance value.

Add up the reciprocals of the capacitance values.

Take the reciprocal of the sum to obtain the total

 CAPACITORS IN
SERIES:
Example:
The capacitors have values C1 = 7.0 μF and
C2 = 3.0 μF, and the potential difference
across the battery is 9.0 V. Assume that the
capacitors are connected in series.
a) Find the equivalent capacitance of the circuit.
b) Solve for the potential difference across each
capacitors.
 CAPACITORS IN
PARALLEL:
When capacitors are placed in circuit
connection as shown in figure 3, the
capacitors are in parallel connection.
 CAPACITORS IN
PARALLEL:
The equivalent capacitance for
capacitors connected in parallel is the
sum of the individual capacitance of
the capacitors. This means that the
equivalent capacitance is greater
than the individual capacitance.
 CAPACITORS IN
PARALLEL:
In a parallel connection, the potential
difference across each capacitor is the
same as the potential difference across
the battery.
The charge on each capacitor can be
calculate using:
 CAPACITORS IN
PARALLEL:
Example:
The capacitors have values C1 = 7.0 μF and C2
= 3.0 μF, and the potential difference across the
battery is 9.0 V. Assume that the capacitors are
connected in parallel.
a) Find the equivalent capacitance of the circuit.
b) Solve for the charge across each capacitors.
FORMULA FOR
SPHERICAL CAPACITOR
C
FORMULA FOR
CYLIDRICAL CAPACITOR

C
FORMULA FOR
CYLIDRICAL CAPACITOR
Er
FORMULA FOR
SPHERICAL CAPACITOR
C

Sample Problem:
The radius of the outer sphere of a spherical
capacitor is 3 times the radius of its inner
shell. What are the dimensions of this
capacitor if its capacitance is 3 picofarad?
FORMULA FOR
SPHERICAL CAPACITOR
Sample Problem:
The radius of the outer sphere of a spherical
capacitor is 3 times the radius of its inner
shell. What are the dimensions of this
capacitor if its capacitance is 3 picofarad?

Given: R2 = 3R1
C = 3µF
UNKNOWN: R2, R1
FORMULA FOR
SPHERICAL CAPACITOR
Sample Problem:
The radius of the outer sphere of a spherical
capacitor is 3 times the radius of its inner
shell. What are the dimensions of this
capacitor if its capacitance is 3 picofarad?

C
FORMULA FOR
SPHERICAL CAPACITOR
C
Sample Problem:
The radius of the outer sphere of a spherical
capacitor is 3 times the radius of its inner
shell. What are the dimensions of this
capacitor if its capacitance is 3 picofarad?

Given: R2 = 3R1
C = 3µF
UNKNOWN: R2, R1
FORMULA FOR
SPHERICAL CAPACITOR
Given: R2 = 3R1
SOLUTION:
C = 3µF
Substitute given to the formula
UNKNOWN: R2, R1
C
Simplify the Equation

C
FORMULA FOR
SPHERICAL CAPACITOR
Given: R2 = 3R1
SOLUTION:
C = 3µF
Further Simplify the Equation
UNKNOWN: R2, R1
C
C3R1
 R1 =
FORMULA FOR
SPHERICAL CAPACITOR
Given: R2 = 3R1
SOLUTION:
C = 3pic
Substitute values to the Equation
UNKNOWN: R2, R1
R1=

R1=

R1=0.053m
R2=3R1=3(0.053m)=0.159m
THANK YOU