Abnormal RBC in

Histology
RBC :
RBCs are biconcave, circular , non-nucleated disc shaped formed elements
of blood .
Abnormal RBC:
Abnormal RBC is the conditions that is change of the structure on
RBC on its membranes characterized by the permeability of the of the
RBC on its membrane .
Red blood cell morphology
:

• Size and shape: Circular, non-nucleated, biconcave dis

• Diameter: 6.5-8.8 μm (mean -7.3 μm)
• Thickness: 2.5 μm at the thickest point and 1μm or less in the center
• area: 140 μm2
• Volume: 90-95 μm
• Life span : about 120 days
• Hb : each RBC contains about 29 pg Hb
 RBC abnormality
Macrocytes
Cell seems in :
Red blood cell size is smaller than
the normal range .
Associated with iron deficiency
anaemia , thalasseamia and anaemia of chronic disorder .
 Macrocytes
Cell seems in :
Red blood cell enlarge than
the normal range .
Associated with megaloblastic
anaemia and liver disease .
 Hypochromic cell
 Red blood cells with large area of polar
central part .
 Cell with low MCH and MCHC seen in
microcytic anaemia .
 Anisocytosis
 Red blood cell with unequal size normally
red blood cells having equal size but in
anisocytosis red blood cells are in different size.
 Associated with blood disorder .
 Poykilocytosis
 A variation in the shape of red blood
cell
 Blood disorder .
 Sickle cell
 Red blood cells are in shape of sickle
or cresent due to mutation .
 they come to a point of one end .
 In the presence of reduced oxygen
atmosphere these cells form but
when the oxygen pressure is normal then absent .
 Siderocytes
 Red blood cells containing non
hemoglobin iron .
 Present purple colour granules of iron
in red cells
 Associated with hemolytic anaemia after
splenectomy .
 Spherocytes
 RBC lost its bi concave shape
 It appears as a smaller and denser RBC
 No central area of polar part
 observed in :
• Post transfusion hemolytic anaemia
• Inherited disorder or autoimmune hemolytic anaemia
 Ovalocytes
 RBC become oval inshape .
 Ovalocytes are more fragile than normal
red blood cells .
 This condition can be observed in pernicious
anaemia .
 Eliptocytes
 RBC become more oval than ovalocytes
and RBC assume an elliptical shape rather
than typical bi-concave shape .
 This RBC observed in varying percentages in :
 Iron deficiency anaemia
 Thalassemia
 Lukemia associated anaemia
 Megaloblastic anaemia
 Myelofibrosis
 Dyseritropoiesis
Present with congenital elliptocytes may demonstrate up to 90%
distantly oval shaped cells .
 Stamatocytes
 Stamatocyte is characterized by a slit
like or narrow rectangular area of pallor
in the cell .
 a significantly high number of stamatocytes
can be found in :
 Malignancies
 Alcohlism
  Liver disease
 Electrolyte imbalance
 Thalassaemia minor
 heriditory stomatocytosis
 Stamatocyte may be congenital or acquired .
 Anconthocytes
 It is speculated red cells with a few
projection of varying size and surface
distribution .
 It is consequences of defect in the cell
membrane .
Associated with :
  Abnormal phospholipid metabolism
 Liver disorders
 Abetalipoprotenimia

Basophilic stipping
 Presence of fine or corse purple staining granules in the red cells .
 Also called punctate basophilia .
 They are ovserbed in
 Hemoglobinopathy
 Megaloblastic anaemia
 Thalasseima
 Led poisoning
 Fragmented cells
 Fragments of erythrocytes with wide
variation in sized and shapes , usually
microcytic in size .
 Also called schytocytes .
 It seems in
 Intravascular hemolysis
 Disseminated intravascular coagulation
 Uremia
 Target cells
 Target cells have a centrally stained area .
 Associated with thalassaemia , Iron
deficiency .
 Roleaux formation
 They are sometimes present as
 Slide artifact due to delay in the spreading
of blood
 The setting out phenomenon in the thick portion
of the blood smear

 Roleaux appear in
 Chronic inflammatory disorders
 Multiple myeloma
 Hyperproteinemia .
 Increased amount of fibrinogen in the blood can cause roleux formation .
Thank You