BLOOD AND ITS

DISORDERS
SUBMITTED BY
PRIYA MANDHAN
 INTRODUCTION
• Simple organisms like sponges and coelenterates
circulate water from their surrounding trough their
body cavities to facilitate the cells to exchange
these substances. More complex organisms use
special fluids within their bodies to transport such
materials. Blood is the most commonly used body
fluid by most of the higher organisms including
human for this purpose.
 BLOOD
• Fluid connective tissue
• Salty in taste and alkaline in nature
• Comprises 7-8% of body weight about 5 litrs
• Serves to maintain a stable and constant internal
environment by circulating without stopping
through different tissues of the body.
• Ph of blood – 7.35 -7.45.
 COMPONENTS OF BLOOD
BLOOD

Corpuscles Plasma

Erythrocytes (Rbcs) Water (92%)

Leucocytes Blood plasma &

(Wbcs) protein

Thrombocytes
 CORPUSCLES
• ERYTHROCYTES (RBCs)
• A healthy man has 5.5 million RBCs mm of blood.
• Red in color due to presence of oxygen carrying
pigment haemigoblin.
• Formed in red bone marrow in adults.
• Average life span 120 days ,after which they
are destroyed in spleen.
• In almost all vertebrates except mammals ,RBCs
are nucleated ,biconcave, circular.
 RBCS DISORDERS
• ANEMIAS – It is characterised by low oxygen
transport capacity of the blood , because of low
red cells count or some abnormality of the red
cells or the haemoglobin.
• Iron deficiency anemia .
• Sickel –cell anemia.
 POLYCYTHEMIA
• They are disease characterised by a surplus of
red blood cells . The incresed viscosity of the
blood cells. The incresed viscosity of the blood
can cause several sympomps like headache
,enlarged spleen or lives and vertigo.
 WBCS
• They are also called leucocytes.
• They are colorless due to lack of hemoglobin .
• Nucleated and lesses in number 6000-
8000mmcube.
• They are generally short lived.
 WBCS
Granulocytes Agranulocytes

Lymphocytes Monocytes
Neutrophils (30%) (5.3%)
(62%)

Eosinophils
B cells T cells
(2.3%)

Basophils
(6.4%)
WBCS DISORDERS
• LEUKOPENIA
• A range of disorders can cause decrease in
WBCs .This type of white blood cell decreased is
usually the neutrophil. In this case the decrease
may be called neutropenia or granulocytopenia .
 LEUKOCYTOSIS
• An increase in the number of WBCs in circulation
is called leukocytosis . This increase is commonly
caused by inflammation .
• There are four major causes-
• Increase of production in bone marrow
• Increased release from storage in bone marrow
• Decreased attachement to vein &arteries .
 PLATELETS
• They are called Thrombocytes .
• They are produced from megakaryocytes ( special cells in bone
marrow).
• Blood normally contains 150000-350000plateletsmmcube.
• Reduction in their number can lead to clotting disorders which can
lead to excessive loss of blood from the body.
 PLATELETS DISORDERS
• Thrombocytopenia or Thrombopenia
• It refers to a disorder in which there is a relative
decrease of thrombocytes commonly known as
platelets present in blood .
• A normal human platelet count ranges from
150000to 450000 platelets per micro liter of
blood .
 GIANT PLATELETS DISORDERS
• They are rare disorders featuring abnormally
large platelets ,thrombocytopenia and a
tendency to bleeding .
• Giant platelet cannot set adequately to an
injured blood vessels wall resulting in abnormal
bleeding when injured .
 PLASMA
• Blood plasma is pale yellow colored liquid
component of the blood that normally
holds the blood cells in whole blood in
suspension.
PLASMA

BLOOD
PLASMA
WATER PROTEIN &
OTHER
MATERIAL
STIMULATED BODY FLUID (SBF)

• SBF (stimulated body fluid) is a solution

having a similar ion concentration to that of
human blood plasma .
• SBF is normally used for the surface
modification of mettalic implants & more
recently in gene delivery application.
 PLASMA DISORDERS
• The main plasma cell disorder is myeloma .
• The plasma cell mainly in bone marrow ,become
malignant ,carryout normal cells production
,destroy bone tissue and thereby cause pain.