Basic Nodal and Mesh Analysis

 The Ohm’s and Kirchhoff’s laws is analyzing a simple linear circuit to

obtain useful information such as the current, voltage, or power .
 To learn two basic circuit analysis techniques—nodal analysis and mesh
analysis—both of which allow us to investigate many different circuits .
 The more complex circuits appearing in this chapter may represent a
variety of electrical systems including control circuits, communication
networks, motors, or integrated circuits.
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Basic Electric Circuit,Daw Nay Kyi Tun

 Nodal Analysis
 The general methods for methodical circuit analysis by considering a
powerful method based on KCL, namely nodal analysis.
 The major step of the analysis was obtaining a single equation in terms
of a single unknown quantity—the voltage between the pair of nodes.
 The number of nodes increase and correspondingly provide one
additional unknown quantity and one additional equation for each added
node.
 A three-node circuit should have two unknown voltages and two
equations; a 10-node circuit will have nine unknown voltages and nine
2
equations; an N-node circuit will need (N − 1) voltages and (N − 1)
equations.
 Each equation is a simple KCL equation.
Basic Electric Circuit,Daw Nay Kyi Tun
 Procedure of Nodal Analysis
 Step 1 − Identify the principal nodes and choose one of them as
reference node. ...
 Step 2 − Label the node voltages with respect to Ground from all the
principal nodes except the reference node.
 Step 3 − Write nodal equations at all the principal nodes except the
reference node.
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Basic Electric Circuit,Daw Nay Kyi Tun

 Nodal Analysis

Solu:
After the solving eq1 & eq2
2= + v1=20V
4
4= + v2 = 20V
5v1 – 2v2 = 60….eq1
-v1 + 4v2 = 60…..eq2
Basic Electric Circuit, Daw Nay Kyi Tun
 Nodal Analysis

After the solving eq1 & eq2

5 v1 = 5V
v2 = 2V
Across the 5Ω resistor v5Ω = v1-v2 = 3V
Basic Electric Circuit, Daw Nay Kyi Tun
 Nodal Analysis

Basic Electric Circuit, Daw Nay Kyi Tun

 Nodal Analysis
 Determine the nodal voltages for the circuit of figure, as referenced to
the bottom node.

Basic Electric Circuit, Daw Nay Kyi Tun

 Nodal Analysis
KCL equation for Node 1;
-8–3= +
0.5833 – 0.3333 – 0.25 = -11-----eq2
KCL equation for Node 2;
-(-3) = + +
-0.3333 + 1.4762 – 0.1429 = 3-----eq2
KCL equation for Node 3;
8
-(-25) =+ +
-0.25 - 0.1429 – 0.5929 = 25-----eq3

Basic Electric Circuit, Daw Nay Kyi Tun

 Example: Nodal Analysis
Determine the power supplied by the dependent source of Figure.
KCL equation for node ;
5= +
10 = 2 - 2 +
10 = 3 - 2 ….eq1
For node ; A= 2i1
2i1 = +
9 I1 =
4() = 2- 2 +
6 -3 = 0……eq2
Basic Electric Circuit, Daw Nay Kyi Tun
 Example Nodal Analysis
Determine the power supplied by the dependent source of Figure.

KCL equation for node 1;

15 = +
30 = 2 - 2 +
30 = 3 - 2 ….eq1
For node x;
10 3 = + ….eq2

Basic Electric Circuit, Daw Nay Kyi Tun

 Nodal Analysis

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Basic Electric Circuit, Daw Nay Kyi Tun

 Nodal Analysis

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Basic Electric Circuit, Daw Nay Kyi Tun

 Nodal Analysis

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Basic Electric Circuit, Daw Nay Kyi Tun

 Supernode
 Whenever a voltage source (Independent or Dependent) is connected
between the two non reference nodes then these two nodes form a
generalized node called the Super node. So, Super node can be regarded
as a surface enclosing the voltage source and its two nodes.

 Supernodes are used to do nodal

analysis on circuits containing
voltage sources.
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Basic Electric Circuit, Daw Nay Kyi Tun

 Supernode
Determine the value of the unknown node voltage v1 in the circuit of
figure.

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Basic Electric Circuit, Daw Nay Kyi Tun

 Supernode
 Practice
For the circuit of figure, compute the voltage across each current source.

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Basic Electric Circuit, Daw Nay Kyi Tun

 Supernode

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Basic Electric Circuit, Daw Nay Kyi Tun

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Basic Electric Circuit,Daw Nay Kyi Tun