Presentation

on
INFERTILITY
INTRODUCTION
• Infertility is the inability of a person, animal or
plant to reproduce by natural means.
• The cause of infertility may be difficult to determine
but may include inadequate levels of certain
hormones in both men and women, and trouble with
ovulation in women.
DEFINITION
• Infertility is a disease of the male or female
reproductive system defined by failure to achieve a
pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular
unprotected sexual intercourse.
INCEDENCE
• Infertility affects millions of people of reproductive age
worldwide and has an impact on their families and
communities.
• Estimates suggests that 48 million couple and 186 million
individuals live with infertility globally.
• infertility currently affects about 10 to 14 percent of the
Indian population.
• Nearly 27.5 million couples actively trying to conceive suffer
from infertility in India.
TYPES OF INFERTILITY
PRIMARY INFERTILITY
couple has never produced a pregnancy
 SECONDARY INFERTILITY
women has previously been pregnant regardless of
that outcome and now is unable to conceive.
CAUSES OF FEMALE INFERTILITY

OVULATION FALLOPIAN
PROBLEMS TUBE
DAMAGE

RISK FACTORS
OVULATION PROBLEMS
• An hormonal imbalance: FSH and LH secretions
• Anovulation
• Polycystic ovarian disease
• Eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa or bulimia
• Stress
• Alcohol or drug use
• Intense exercise that causes loss of body fat
FALLOPIAN TUBE DAMAGE
• Previous infection due to gonorrhea
Fibroids
Endometriosis
Ectopic pregnancy
A congenital defect
RISK FACTORS
• Poor diet
• Age
• Being overweight or underweight
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
• Irregular periods
• Painful and heavy bleeding
• No periods
• Pain during sex
• Skin issues
• Reduce sex drive
• Facial hair growth
• Thinning hair
• Weight gain
• Dark and pale menstrual
• Abdominal pain bleeding
DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
• History collection
• Physical examination
• Complete blood test
• Lab test-FSH and progesterone
• Endometrial biopsy
• Ultrasound- abdomen
• Hysterosalpingography
• Laparoscopy
• Pap smear
• Transvaginal USG
TREATMENT
• Treatment of female infertility consists of fertility restorations drugs,
fertility, restorations surgeries. Assisted reproductive technologies
(ART).
FERTILITY FERTILITY
RESTORATION RESTORATION
DRUGS SURGERIES

ARI
FERTILITY RESTORATION DRUGS
• Clomiphene citrate
• Human menopausal gonadotrophins
• Follicle stimulating hormone
• Gonadotropins releasing hormone
• Bromocriptine
FERTILITY RESTORATION SURGERIES
Tissues removal
Tubal surgeries
Laparoscopic surgery
Salpingectomy
ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE
TECHNOLOGIES (ART)
Intrauterine insemination [IUI]
In vitro fertilization [IVF]
Zygote intrafallopian transfer [ZIFT]
Gamete intrafallopian transfer [GIFT]
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection [ICSI]
COMPLICATIONS OF FERTILITY
TREATMENT
1. Chances of having multiple pregnancy
• This can cause problems during pregnancy and increase risk
of having premature babies.
2. OHSS –Ovarian Hyper Stimulation Syndrome
• This can be very painful and may need to be treated.
• Bleeding in the mother or birth defects in the baby.
NURSING MANNAGEMENT
NURSING DIAGNOSIS
PREVENTION
• Maintain healthy weight
• Quit smoking
• Avoid alcohol
• Reduce stress
HEALTH EDUCATION
CONCLUSION
• Genetic environment ,physical and social environment also
affects the reproductive health of both men and women.
• There are many procedures that may increase a person’s
fertility and enable the birth of a wanted child.
• But emotionally and economically the best solution for
infertility is the prevention of infertility at different levels of
everyday life.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Textbook of obstetrics DC Dutta central publications pg 335-
342
• Textbook of midwifery and obstetrics nursing Mrs.Niksy
Abraham jaypee publications pg 550-555.
• Neelam Kumari textbook of midwifery and gynecology
nursing 5th edition SK vikas company pg no 152-160.
• www.Wikipedia/infertility.com
• www.medline/infertility.female.com