CSC103 – INTRODUCTION

TO COMPUTING
Jahan University
Computer Science Department
Lecturer: Islahuddin Jalal
Master in Cyber Security

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Topics to be discussed

 Introduction to computer
 Characteristics of computers
 Evolution of computer systems
 Capabilities and limitations of computer system

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Class Policy

 A student must reach the class-room in time. Late comers may join the class
but are not entitled to be marked present.
 Attendance shall be marked at the start of the class and students failing to
secure 75% attendance will not be allowed to sit in final exam.
 The assignment submission deadline must be observed. In case of late
submission, ten percent may be deducted from each day.
 Those who are absent on the announcement date of the assignment/test.
Must get the topic/chapter of test/assignment confirmed through their peers.
 Mobile phones must be switched-off in the class-rooms.

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Grading Evaluation for Network Management

Internal Evaluation
Midterm Exam 20%
Attendance 5%
Assignment/Presentations 5%
Quizzes/Tests 10%
Total Internal Evaluation 40%
Final-term Examination
Final-term Exam 60%
Total Marks 100%

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What is Computer?

 The word computer comes from the word “compute”, which means, “to
calculate”
 Thereby, a computer is an electronic device that can perform arithmetic
operations at high speed
 A computer is also called a data processor because it can store, process, and
retrieve data whenever desired

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Data Processing
 The activity of processing data using a computer is called data
processing

 Data is raw material used as input and information is processed

data obtained as output of data processing

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Characteristics of Computers

 Automatic
 Speed
 Accuracy
 Diligence
 Versatility
 Remembrance Power
 No I. Q
 No Feelings
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Automatic

 Done without thinking or human interventions

 Given a job, computer can work on it automatically without human interventions

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Speed

 A very fast device

 Perform operation with high speed
 Usually measured in
 Microseconds (10-6)
 Nanoseconds (10-9)
 Picoseconds (10-12)
 The amount of work that a man can do in an entire year, computer perform
that work in seconds even in milliseconds.

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Accuracy

 computer is basically made for two main reasons

 Speed
 Accuracy
 The degree of accuracy of computer depends on its design
 each and every calculation or task is performed with the same accuracy.

Note: Errors may occur in computers, but these are man made errors rather than
technological weakness, that is imprecise thinking by a programmer

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Diligence

 Computer is free from

 Boredness,
 Tiredness
 Lack of concentration.
 It can work for hours without creating any error and without any complain.
 Computer has a little edge over in doing routine type of jobs that require
great accuracy.
 If ten million calculations have to be performed, a computer will perform the last
one with exactly the same accuracy and speed as the first one.

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Versatility

 Computer is a versatile device.

 It can adapt itself in any condition or situation.
 One moment, it is preparing the results of particular examination, the next
moment it is busy preparing electricity bills.
 So, a computer is capable of performing any task provided that the task can
be reduced to a series of logical steps.
 We can do variety of work in computer.
 It just requires the particular software to perform required work.

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Remembrance Power

 Computer can store and recall any amount of information because of its
secondary storage capability.
 It forgets or looses certain information only when it is asked to do so.

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No I.Q

 I.Q stands for Intelligence Quotient.

 As computer is a machine which does not have intelligence of its own.
Computer perform the tasks that is fed to it.
 So therefore, it cannot take its own decisions.
 It is not like human beings who possess thinking capability.
 Allah gifted the thinking capability to human while human trying to gift the
thinking capability to computer.
 As now-a-days programmers are trying to make computer an intelligent
machine. Programmers are programming artificial intelligence in computers
using different languages.

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No Feelings

 Computer is a machine due to which it is lacking emotions and feelings.

 Although men have succeeded in building a memory for the computer, but no
computer possesses the equivalent of a human heart and soul.
 Based on our feelings, taste, knowledge, and experience, we often make
certain judgements in our day to day life. But computers can not make such
judgements on their own.
 Their judgments is based on the instructions given to them in the form of
programs that are written by us.
 They are only as good as man makes and uses them. As computers have no
feelings they work for us day and night without any difficulty.

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Evolution of computer systems

 People were searching for fast and accurate calculating device, as a result
computer came into being. There are several researchers and scientists who
played a key role in the evolution of computer systems.
 First mechanical adding machine was invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642.
 Baron Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz of Germany invented the first calculator
for multiplication in 1671.
 Keyboard machines originated in the United States around 1880
 Around the same period, Herman Hollerith came up with concept of punched
cards that computers used extensively as input medium even in late 1970s.
 Business machines and calculators made their appearance in Europe and
America towards the end of the 19th Century.
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Evolution of computer systems

 Charles Babbage is considered to be the father of modern digital computers

 He designed “Difference Engine” in 1822
 He designed a fully automatic analytical engine in 1842 for performing basic
arithmetic functions
 His efforts established a number of principles that are fundamental to the design of
any digital computer

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Some well known Early computers

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Capabilities of Computer System

 We see computer everywhere:

 at home
 in school
 in the hospital
 in the bank
 in bookstores
 department stores
 at recreation centers
 in other places.

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Capabilities of Computer System

 They are important pieces of equipment and they help man in so many ways.
 Many people depend so much on computers.
 They use computers to do their work,
 to have fun
 to keep in touch with their loved ones
 to store important documents
 and so on.
 Because computers are capable of doing so many things. The following are
the capabilities of a computer.

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Capabilities of computer systems

 The computer processes information very fast.

 The computer gives accurate results. Some scientists use the computer in
their experiments. The needed data for their experiments are processed in
the computer. They can get almost perfect and more accurate results through
it.
 The computer stores large amount of data and information.
 The computer enables one to restore or bring back any of his works.
 It is automatics.
 The computer can do two things at the same time.
 The computer can be improved and upgraded.

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Limitation of Computer Systems

 The computer is not a perfect machine. Thus, it has its own limitations, like
the following:
 The computer can only do what you tell it to do.
 It cannot generate information on its own.
 The computer will give you wrong information if you feed it with wrong data.
 The computer cannot correct wrong instruction.
 Depends on user

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 END

Thanks for
hearing…………………….