ACIDS and BASES

Lesson Targets:
• At the end of the lesson the students can
be able to:
- Differentiate acids from bases
- Recognize some common examples
of acids and bases
- Enumerate safety measures in
handling acids and bases
 ACTIVITY TIME!
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• Why is this important in our
LIFE?
1. Why do you get more
cavities from drinking soda?
2. What are the
importance of
acids and bases in
our body?
What is an acid?
• Acids are a group of chemicals. Acids are
found in household items such as food,
drink and beauty/skincare products.
Properties of Acids

• Properties:
A description of how a
substance behaves
and its characteristics.
 Types of Acids
1. Sulfuric acid

2. Hydrochloric acid
3. Nitric acid 4. Lactic acid 5. Acetic acid
Examples of Common Acids:
1. Citric Acid- Oranges and lemons
2. Lactic Acid- Milk
3. Hydrochloric Acid- Stomach acid
4. Carbonic Acid- Soda
5. Acetic Acid- Vinegar
6. Sulfuric Acid- Car battery
Natural Acids
• Many of these natural acids
are found in the kitchen that
is the reason they are also
sometimes called household
acids.
• One very well-known
household acid is vinegar. It is
a mixture of a small amount
of acetic acid dissolved in
water. So vinegar is a solution
of acetic acid in water.
Ascorbic Acid:
Vitamin C
• Functions in fighting
bacterial infection,
in detoxifying
reactions and in the
formation of
collagen in fibrous
tissue, teeth, bones
and skin.
• Although most acids are
harmless, some are harmful!
For example , some acids
eat through plastic, clothing,
skin and even metal.

• Sometimes these properties

of strong acids are useful.
For example hydrochloric
acid in your stomach helps
digest food.
 Acid inside of me?
• The human stomach produces
hydrochloric acid, commonly
known as stomach acid.

• Stomach acid is made when a

person eats something
requiring the stomach to work
EXTRA hard- say, a pizza- the
stomach may generate EXCESS
hydrochloric acid, and the
result is HEARTBURN.
What is a strong acid?
• Some acids, like those
found in the laboratory
or a car battery, are
very dangerous (too
dangerous to taste or
touch)
• This is why strong acids
must always be
handled very carefully. Corrosive- it can
burn your skin.
• When using an unknown acid or base
you must always wear protective
clothing such as safety goggles, a pair of
gloves, and clothing that will cover most
of your body to prevent accidents.
What is a base?
• A base is the opposite of an acid.
• Properties: Bases generally taste bitter
and have a soapy feel
• Bases are found in household items such
as soaps, and baking soda.
 Some Examples of Bases
• Sodium Bicarbonate- Baking soda
• Potassium hydroxide- liquid soap
• Ammonia- (some in hair products or
cleaning products)
Bleach

Cement

Toothpaste
 ACTIVITY TIME!

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